Objective To explore the effects of curcumin (CCM) on tumor growth and immune function in mice bearing RM-1 prostate cancer cells. METHODS A prostate cancer model was established in 50 C57BL/6 mice by subcutaneous inoculation of RM-1 cells. The model mice were randomly assigned to intraperitoneal injection of 10% dimethyl sulfoxide at 0.2 ml (the model control group), cyclophosphamide at 20 mg/kg (the CTX group), or CCM at 50 mg/kg (the low-dose CCM group), 100 mg/kg (the medium-dose CCM group) or 200 mg/kg (the high-dose CCM group), respectively, all once a day for 14 successive days, followed by measurement of the tumor weight, calculation of the tumor-inhibition rate, and detection of immunological indicators.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/necrostatin-1.html  RESULTS The tumor weight was significantly decreased in the CTX (［1.32 ± 0.06］ g), low-dose CCM (［1.1.54 ± 0.08］ g), medium-dose CCM (［1.48 ± 0.08］ g), and high-dose CCM groups (［1.42 ± 0.07］ g) as compared with that in the model control group (［2.09 ± 0.10］ g) (P 0.05). The tumor-inhibition rates in the CTX and low-, medium- and high-dose CCM groups were 36.84%, 27.27%, 29.18% and 32.06%, respectively. All the immunological indicators except the CD4+/CD8+ ratio were remarkably reduced in the CTX group as compared with those in the model control (P less then 0.01), but increased in the CCM groups in comparison with those in the CTX group (P less then 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Curcumin has an anti-tumor effect and enhances immune function in prostate cancer-bearing mice.Objective To study the effect of a new human sperm freezing method on the sperm recovery rate and search for an optimal method for cryopreservation of human epididymal sperm. METHODS We collected semen samples from 76 men with obstructive azoospermia by percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration and divided each sample into two parts to be cryopreserved with a self-made metal freezing plate (the experimental group) or by slow freezing (the control group), respectively. We measured the percentage of progressively motile sperm (PMS) with the computer-assisted semen analysis system and compared the membrane function, DNA fragmentation index (DFI), acrosin activity and morphological abnormality of the sperm between the two groups before and after cryopreservation. RESULTS After thawing, both the percentages of PMS and hypotonically swollen sperm were significantly higher in the experimental than in the control group (［12.0 ± 7.5］% vs ［8.0 ± 5.1］%, P 0.05), though both markedly elevated in comparison with the pre-freezing parameters (［97.2 ± 9.5］% and ［30.8 ± 9.7］%) (P less then 0.05). The post-thaw recovery rate of sperm was significantly higher in the experimental than in the control group (［65.2 ± 12.0］% vs ［52.3 ± 18.0］%, P less then 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The self-made metal freezing plate, with its advantages of low cost, high efficiency, and easy operation, can be used as an effective method for cryopreservation of human sperm to achieve a high post-thaw sperm recovery rate, progressive sperm motility, and sperm acrosin activity.Objective To study the impacts of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) on the sperm quality, sperm mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and sperm mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore (MPTP) function of male rats, and the possible mechanisms of AlCl3 inducing the declination of sperm quality. METHODS According to the median lethal dose (LD50) of AlCl3・6H2O in drinking water, we randomly assigned 96 male Wistar rats weighing 180－200 g to four groups of equal number and fed them with AlCl3 aqueous drinking water at 256.72 mg/kg/d (1/5 LD50, high-dose group), 128.36 mg/kg/d (1/10 LD50, medium-dose group), 64.18 mg/kg/d (1/20 LD50, low-dose group) and 0 mg/kg/d (control group), respectively, all for 16 weeks. Then, we examined the quality of the epididymal sperm of the rats, observed the morphology of the sperm mitochondria under the transmission electron microscope, and determined the MMP level of the sperm mitochondria and the function of the MPTP by flow cytometry. RESULTS The percentage of progressively 6.67］% and ［64.95 ± 8.07］% vs ［15.37 ± 7.13］%, P less then 0.01), with a positive correlation to the dose of AlCl3 (rs = 0.867, P less then 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to aluminum can cause sperm mitochondrial swelling, decrease the sperm MMP level, induce pathological opening of the MPTP, and consequently reduce sperm quality in male rats.Transurethral enucleation of the prostate allows more complete excision of the proliferative glands at the anatomical level, and has its unique advantages over the traditional surgical procedures, such as better results of surgery, lower recurrence rate, and higher satisfaction of the patients. At present, transurethral laser enucleation of the prostate has a limited application in many grass-root hospitals for the high price of laser and plasma equipment and a high incidence rate of postoperative urinary incontinence. In this context, monopolar transurethral enucleation and resection of the prostate (mTUERP) has come into the attention of clinicians, which can be performed with the equipment for transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and may become a real alternative of TURP. This paper presents an overview on the development and present status of mTUERP.Electrophysiological examination of penile nerves involves detection of somatic and autonomic nerves, including dorsal nerve somatosensory evoked potential, cavernous muscle reflex, skin sympathetic response, cavernous electromyography, and others, which plays an important role in the diagnosis of male sexual dysfunction, such as ED and premature ejaculation, as well as in the selection of treatment methods and evaluation of therapeutic effects. Due to the complex mechanisms of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerve pathways relating to erectile and ejaculatory centers in men and many unknown areas in penile electrophysiological techniques, penile electrophysiological examination has not been widely accepted by doctors and patients. Further studies are needed to provide more scientific and convincing evidence in this field.