https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sp-600125.html Nitroarenes are used as the coupling partners in the preparation of sulfonamides via the insertion of sulfur dioxide. A three-component reaction of arylboronic acids, nitroarenes, and potassium metabisulfite under copper catalysis proceeds smoothly, giving rise to a range of sulfonamides in good to excellent yields with broad substrate scope. Various functional groups including hydroxyl, cyano, amino, and carbonyl are all tolerated. A plausible mechanism is proposed, showing that arylsulfinate is the intermediate and the copper-assisted interaction of the nitroarene and arylsulfinate is the key step. This approach is also extended to the late-stage modification of a currently marketed drug (flutamide).A broad range of investigation methods and frameworks are currently used to throughly study the elasticity of various types of micro/nanoparticles (MNPs) with different properties and to explore the effect of such properties on their interactions with biological species. Specifically, the elasticity of MNPs serves as a key influencing factor with respect to important aspects of phagocytosis, such as the clathrin-mediated phagocytosis, caveolae-mediated phagocytosis, macropinocytosis, and cell membrane fusion. Achieving a clear understanding of the relationships that exist between the elasticity of MNPs and their phagocytic processes is essential to improve their performance in drug delivery, which is related to aspects such as circulation lifetime in blood, accumulation time in tissues, and resistance to metabolism. Resolving such aspects is very challenging, and related efforts require using the right tools/methods, which are not always easy to identify. This review aims to facilitate this by summarizing and comparing different cell phagocytosis pathways, while considering various MNPs exhibiting different elastic properties, shape change capabilities, and their effect on cellular uptake. We conduct an overview of th