In detail, the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) activated by visible light using 15% SnO2/Bi2S3-Bi25 shows the efficiency of 80.8%, which is superior compared to that of pure Bi2S3 (29.4%) and SnO2 (0.1%). The SnO2/Bi2S3-Bi25 composite photocatalyst also presents an excellent photostability and easy recovery from dye for recycling. The trapping test revealed that the photogenerated holes play a crucial factor during the photocatalytic process, whereas superoxide radicals are also formed but not involved in the photocatalytic process. Successful fabrication of SnO2/Bi2S3-Bi25 composite photocatalysts via a straightforward method with drastically enhanced photocatalytic performance under visible light activation would be useful for practical applications.Effectively reducing the concentration of CO2 in ambient air is essential to mitigate global warming. Existing carbon capture and storage technology can only slow down the carbon emissions of large point sources but cannot treat the already accumulated CO2 in the environment. Herein, we demonstrated a simple direct CO2 capture method from air via reactive crystallization with a new trichelating iminoguanidine ligand (BTIG). It could strongly bind CO2 to form insoluble carbonate crystals that could be easily isolated. In the crystal, CO2 was transformed to CO32- and trapped in a dense hydrogen bonding network in terms of carbonate-water clusters. This capture process was reversible, and the BTIG ligand could be regenerated by heating the BTIG-CO2 crystal at a mild temperature, which was much lower than the decomposition temperature of CaCO3 (∼900 °C). Thermodynamic and kinetics analyses indicate that the crystallization process was exothermic with an enthalpy of -292 kJ/mol, and the decomposition energy consumption was 169 kJ per mol CO2. In addition, BTIG could also be employed for CO2 capture from flue gas with a capacity of 1.46 mol/mol, which was superior to that of most of the reported sorbents.Recently, plant pollen has been used as a source of activated carbon to produce carbon-containing supercapacitor electrodes. However, in this study, pollen was used as a biotemplate with a completely different approach. As a biotemplate, pollen offers a wide range of varieties in terms of exterior, porosity, shape, and size. An electrode formed by the use of metal oxide grown on the pollen exine layer (sporopollenin microcapsules) as the active substance will inevitably exhibit good electrochemical capacitive properties. Juglans male flowers have been distinguished by dissection from anthers. Isolation of pollen grains from anthers was carried out using sieving from suitable sieves (45-200 μm). Juglans sporopollenin exine microcapsules (SECs) were separated from the intine and protoplasm by acetolysis in combination with reflux. The solution containing SECs, metal ions, and Ni foam was put into a Teflon-lined hydrothermal container, and then, it was reacted at 120 °C for 15 h. The resulting precipitate, as well as the Ni foam, was heat-treated at 300 and 360 °C for 3 h in air. The raw pollen, chemically treated pollen, and cobalt-coated SEC (CoSEC) and CoSEC/Ni foam were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction techniques. Two different types of supercapacitor electrode designs, with the use of exine microcapsules of Juglans sporopollenin, were performed for the first time. The maximum specific capacitance was up to 1691 F g-1 at 5 A g-1.Photoluminescence (PL) of carbon nanodots (CNDs) is proposed to originate from the polycyclic aromatic carbon-core and in situ synthesized molecular fluorophores. This work reports the CNDs prepared by direct pyrolysis of citric acid only at a prolonged time, 40 h, and their fluorescence emission parameters in a variety of solvents by steady-state and time-resolved emission spectroscopies. The response of fluorescence emission lifetime and emission quenching rate constants to changes in solvent parameters such as polarity and tumbling lifetime were essentially independent, unlike molecular fluorophores that display solvent-dependent emission parameters.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/lenalidomide-s1029.html  Fluorescence emission was quenched in nitromethane additionally indicating to the polycyclic aromatic carbon-core as a predominant structural feature of the CNDs. The quenching of CND emission in the presence of benzophenone that has a strong triplet component in the excited state was observed. Quenching demonstrates the Stern-Volmer behavior and reveals the additional nonradiative decay pathways of CNDs. The main photophysical features of CNDs are discussed in terms of fluorescence emission originating from the excited state of the polycyclic aromatic carbon-core where contribution from the potential molecular fluorophores is considered minimal.Bisphenol A (BPA), a globally prevalent environmental contaminant, has been shown to have the potential to disrupt intestinal barrier function. This study explored the mechanisms of BPA-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction. In addition, the protective effect of the natural product icariin (ICA) on BPA-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction was evaluated. BPA relieved oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)), suppressed antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC)) activity, and increased gene expression and protein content of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), giving rise to the dysfunctional gut in mice. ICA therapy effectively eased intestinal barrier dysfunction caused by BPA in vivo and in vitro. Treatment with p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) significantly rescued the MODE-K cell barrier function disrupted by BPA challenge. However, treatment with p38 MAPK activator (anisomycin) did not attenuate the MODE-K cell barrier function impaired by BPA challenge. Overall, our data suggested that BPA disrupted intestinal barrier function in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ICA regulated the redox equilibrium of intestinal epithelial cells by inhibiting the expression of p38 MAPK, thereby alleviating BPA-induced disruption of intestinal barrier function. These findings contributed to a better understanding of the mechanisms of BPA-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and provided new insights into the prevention and treatment of BPA-induced intestinal diseases.