The objective of this study was to demonstrate the validity of dynamic semi-dry heat reaction (SDHR) by investigating the effects of static and dynamic SDHR on the characteristics of starch citrates. The starch (normal and waxy corn)-citric acid (CA) mixture was heated in a convection oven (static mode) or a twin-screw extruder without a die (dynamic mode). The ester bonds of starch citrates were confirmed by FT-IR, and their molar degree of substitution did not differ between the reaction modes for the tested starch genotypes. Starch citrates by dynamic SDHR exhibited higher relative crystallinity, resistant starch content, solubility, swelling power, and gelatinization compared to those by static SDHR. Although static SDHR did not show a viscosity development during pasting, dynamic SDHR increased their pasting viscosities. Overall, these results suggest that dynamic SDHR could improve the defects (i.e., lack of solubility, swelling, and pasting attributes) of the traditional starch citrates. The cell wall polysaccharide ulvan was isolated from two species of the seaweed Ulva collected along the Swedish west coast.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/1-azakenpaullone.html  Acidic extraction was benchmarked against hot water extraction with enzymatic purification and against commercial ulvan. Extracted ulvan contained 11-18 % g/g of ash, some protein (up to 1.3 % g N/g) but minimal colored impurities. The ulvans had high molecular weights (660,000-760,000 g/mol) and were composed of 77-79 % g/g carbohydrates, mainly rhamnose, xylose, glucose, glucuronic acid, and iduronic acid. The extraction protocol and the ulvan source strongly impact the molecular weight and the chemical composition. Acidic extraction caused almost complete desulfation of the isolated ulvan while the other method preserved a significant degree of SO3 substituents. Elemental analysis of ash remaining after thermal degradation showed presence of common mineral elements such as Na, Ca, Mg, Al, and K, but none of the heavy metals Pb, Hg, or As. Spent coffee grounds are wastes generated annually worldwide in significantly large amounts in the soluble coffee industry and in household and commercial beverage preparation. Although spent coffee grounds are rich in several classes of compounds, predominantly polysaccharides, profitable applications have not yet been effectively implemented for such wastes. Thus, it was the aim of this study to verify the feasibility of producing biopolymeric films from the polysaccharide-rich fraction of spent coffee grounds, obtained by alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment of the coffee waste. Produced films were characterized for their physicochemical, barrier and mechanical properties and these properties were comparable to those of similar polysaccharides films from the literature. Chitosan aerogels were obtained after using supercritical carbon dioxide to dry physical hydrogels, studying the effect of the rheological behavior of hydrogels and solutions on the final aerogels properties. An increase on the solutions pseudoplasticity increased the subsequent hydrogels physical entanglement, without showing a significant effect on aerogels morphology (nanoporous) and textural properties (pores of about 10 nm). However, an increase of hydrogel physical entanglement promoted the formation of aerogels with a higher compressive strength (from 0.2 to 0.80 MPa) and higher thermal decomposition range, while decreasing the porosity (from 90 % to 94 %). Aerogels stress-strain responses were also successfully fitted using a hyperelastic equation with three adjustable parameters (Yeoh), showing that this type of models must be taken into account when large stresses are studied. A new water-soluble polysaccharide UPP was obtained from Ulva Pertusa and its structure was studied. The structural analysis results showed that UPP was composed of eight residues. The bone structure of UPP was →4)-β-D-Xylp-(1→4)-α-L-Rhap3S(1→3,4)-β-L-Arap(1→3)-α-L-Rhap(1→2,4)-α-L-Rhap(1→4)-α-D-Galp(1→ and there were two main branches. The branch structure at the 3-position of 1,3,4-β-L-Arap was →3,4)-β-L-Arap(1→4)-β-D-Glcp3Me(1→4)- β-D-GlcpA(1→ and the branch structure at 2-position of 1,2,4-α-L-Rhap was →4)-β-D-GlcpA(1→4)-β-D-Xylp(1→. In addition, the physicochemical property analysis showed that UPP was a semi-crystalline polymer and there was no triple-helical structure. This structure analysis of UPP will be beneficial for future research on the algal polysaccharides. This study posed a novel strategy of interweaving carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) and HKUST-1 to build eco-friendly, recyclable, long-acting and intelligent antibacterial agent carrier of HKUST-1@CMCS. Combined characterizations revealed that the structure of HKUST-1@CMCS was destroyed step by step through different intensity of the stimulation of phosphate, thereby realizing intelligent release of antibacterial agent. The results showed that dimethyl fumarate-loaded HKUST-1@CMCS was much intelligent and long-acting (384 h, 0.04 M PBS) release performance than pure dimethyl fumarate, thus its inhibition zone diameters with and without stimulation of phosphate on S. aureus were 17.4 ± 0.1, 10.2 ± 0.7 mm at 7 d, respectively, while that of pure dimethyl fumarate had lost antibacterial activity at 2 d. With superior and long-acting antimicrobial activity, dimethyl fumarate-loaded HKUST-1@CMCS could effectively prolong the shelf life of strawberries as food packaging. Furthermore, HKUST-1@CMCS could easily regenerate, and regenerated HKSUT-1@CMCS still maintained intelligent response property at one cycle. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are large, complex carbohydrate molecules that interact with a wide range of proteins involved in physiological and pathological processes. Several naturally derived GAGs have emerged as potentially useful therapeutics in clinical applications. Natural polysaccharides, however, generally have high molecular weights with a degree of polydispersity, making it difficult to investigate their structural properties. In this study, we establish a free-radical-mediated micro-reaction system and use hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC)-Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) to profile the degraded products of various types of GAGs, heparin, chondroitin sulfate A, NS-heparosan, and oversulfated chondroitin sulfate (OSCS), to reveal the free-radical degradation mechanism of GAGs. The results show that the bulk fragments of GAGs generated by free-radical degradation can maintain their basic structural units and sulfate substituents. In addition, an abundance of oligomers modified with oxidation at their reducing ends or by dehydration also appeared.