© 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.INTRODUCTION Regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) is the recommended anticoagulation modality for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). RCA was associated with a low rate of complications in randomized controlled trials. However, little is known about the type and rate of complications in real life. We sought to describe complications associated with RCA in comparison with those associated with heparin anticoagulation. METHODS In our institution, RCA has been the default anticoagulation modality for CRRT in all patients without contraindications since 2013. We have retrospectively reviewed all consecutive patients who received CRRT between January and December 2016 in our institution. For each CRRT session, we have assessed circuit duration, administered dose, as well as therapy-associated complications.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Docetaxel(Taxotere).html  Those parameters were compared according to whether the circuit was run in continuous veno-venous hemodialysis (CVVHD) mode with RCA or continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) mode with heparin in the implementation of an RCA protocol. © 2020 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.Jacob Erdheim (1874-1937) first described craniopharyngioma (CP) as "hypophyseal duct tumours" and postulated the existence of two tumour types based on their histological features (1) an aggressive type showing similarities to adamantinomas (tumours of the jaw) and (2) a more benign form characterised by the presence of papillary structures. More than a century later, these initial observations have been confirmed; based on their distinct genetic, epigenetic and histological features, the WHO classify CPs as two types, papillary (PCP) and adamantinomatous (ACP). Considerable knowledge has been generated on the biology of CPs in the last 20 years. Mutations in CTNNB1 (encoding β-catenin) are prevalent in ACP, whilst PCPs frequently harbour mutations in BRAF (p.BRAF-V600E). The consequence of these mutations is the activation of either the WNT/β-catenin (ACP) or the MAPK/ERK (PCP) pathways. Murine models support a critical role of these mutations in tumour formation and have provided important insights into tumour pathogenesis, mostly in ACP. A critical role for cellular senescence has been uncovered in murine models of ACP, with relevance to the human tumours. Several gene profiling studies of human and murine ACP tumours have identified potential targetable pathways, and novel therapeutic agents are being used in clinical and preclinical research, in some cases with excellent results. In this review, we will present the accumulated knowledge on the biological features of these tumours and summarise how these advances are being translated into potential novel treatments. © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.CHARGE syndrome has a clinically broad spectrum of phenotypes, including partial or atypical type. CHD7 mutation is related to CHARGE syndrome that shows various phenotypes according to the CHD7 variant. Developments in genetic analysis techniques, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), are helping both diagnosis and treatment of diseases. We report the case of a preterm infant diagnosed with atypical CHARGE who has a novel and de novo CHD7 variant that was identified using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Neonatologists tend to be reluctant to diagnose infants with multiple malformations because they have to focus on treating life-threatening complications; however, NGS is considered helpful for the early diagnosis of broad-spectrum anomalies during the neonatal period. © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.BACKGROUND The cost of developing a new drug is approximately USD 2.6 billion, and over two-thirds of the total cost is embedded in the clinical-testing phase. Patient recruitment is the single biggest cause of clinical trial delays, and these delays can result in up to USD 8 million per day in lost revenue for pharmaceutical companies. Further, clinical trials struggle to keep participants engaged in the study and as many as 40% drop out. To overcome these challenges pharmaceutical companies and research institutions (e.g., universities) increasingly use an emerging concept virtual clinical trials (VCT) based on a remote approach. SUMMARY VCT (site-less) are a relatively new method of conducting a clinical trial, taking full advantage of technology (apps, monitoring devices, etc.) and inclusion of web platforms (recruitment, informed consent, counselling, measurement of endpoints, and any adverse reactions) to allow the patient to be home-based at every stage of the clinical trial. Studies have shown that VCT are not only operationally feasible, but also successful. They have higher recruitment rates, better compliance, lower drop-out rates, and are conducted faster than traditional clinical trials. The visual nature of dermatological conditions, the relative ease in evaluating skin diseases virtually, and the fact that skin diseases often are not life-threatening and rarely require complex examinations make VCT very attractive for dermatological research. Further, making correct diagnoses based on photographs and patient symptomatology has always been part of the dermatologist's routine. Thus, VCT are in many ways made for dermatology. Herein we describe VCT and their implications in dermatological research. © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.Parasellar tumours represent a wide group of intracranial lesions, both benign and malignant. They may arise from several structures located within the parasellar area or they may infiltrate or metastasize this region. The treatment of the tumours located in these areas is challenging because of their complex anatomical location and their heterogenous histology. It often requires a multimodal approach, including surgery, radiation therapy, and medical therapy. Due to the proximity of critical structures and the risks of side effects related to the procedure, a successful surgical resection is often not achievable. Thus, radiotherapy (RT) plays a crucial role in the treatment of several parasellar tumours. Conventional fractionated radiotherapy and modern radiation techniques, like stereotactic radiosurgery and proton beam radiotherapy have become a standard management option, in particular for cases with residual or recurrent tumours after surgery and for those cases where surgery is contraindicated. This review examines the role of radiotherapy in parasellar tumours analysing several techniques, outcomes and side effects.