Studies using bronchial biopsy demonstrated that eosinophilic asthma is not detected in skiers with asthma as often as it is in non-skiers with asthma and that there are signs of airway inflammation even in non-asthmatic skiers. Our findings suggest that the accuracy and coverage of diagnosing asthma in skiers has improved over the recent decades. However, the optimal treatment and natural course of asthma in this population remain unclear. Future research should investigate how the intensity of training, airway infections and their treatment affect the development of asthma among skiers. CRD42017070940. CRD42017070940.An increased ability to supply energy to skeletal muscle is expected to contribute to greater athletic performance, and therefore, a variety of training methods are used for improving these energy supply systems. These methods are classified into two broad categories a bout of continuous exercise at a given load/intensity and intermittent bouts of exercise at a given load/intensity with recovery intervals. Interestingly, recent work suggests that a training method which starts at a high load/intensity and gradually decreases the exercise load/intensity within a given training set (stepwise load reduction training) may provide a range of adaptations. In resistance training, the load starts off high and is then reduced as the set continues which is expected to simultaneously increase muscle strength, endurance, and size. In training focused on aerobic and anaerobic metabolic systems, intensity starts off high and is then reduced as the exercise continues which is expected to simultaneously increase maximal anaerobic power, anaerobic capacity, and aerobic capacity. Because stepwise load reduction training has no recovery intervals between each load/intensity, the training effects are achieved within a short time per session (several minutes). However, only minimal evidence exists to support the effects of stepwise load reduction training; therefore, further studies with larger samples are needed. To compare the circular pathological changes of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients according to the tongue diagnosis. Totally 41 CHB patients with typical white tongue coating (WTC) or yellow tongue coating (YTC) were enrolled and 14 healthy volunteers with normal tongue manifestation served as controls. The mRNA expression of peripheral leukocytes was detected by GeneChips, and 9 genes were randomly selected for expression validation. Circular metabolites were detected by gas chromatographymass spectrometry. Biological information was analyzed based on ingenuity pathways analysis or metabolomics database and the integrated networks were constructed by ClueGO. A total of 945 and 716 differentially expressed genes were found in patients with WTC and YTC relative to healthy volunteers respectively. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/a-769662.html The biological information analysis indicated that CHB patients had obviously increased functions in cell death, apoptosis and necrosis (Z-score ⩾2, P<0.05) and decreased activation in T lymphocytes (Z-scoreere inflammation and fatty acids metabolism aberrant than patients with WTC. The results facilitate the modern pathological annotation of Chinese medicine tongue diagnosis theory and provide a reference for the interpretation of pharmacological mechanisms of Chinese medicine treatment. To evaluate the effects of Chinese medicine Dingkun Pill () alone or in combination with Diane-35 on patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This is a prospective randomized controlled trial conducted at Peking Union Medical College Hospital Beijing, China, from December 2016 to September 2017. Totally 117 PCOS patients were randomly assigned to the Dingkun Pill group (38 cases), Diane-35 group (40 cases), or combined group (39 cases). Patients in the Dingkun Pill group or Diane-35 group took daily 7 g of oral Dingkun Pill or 1 tablet of oral Diane-35, respectively, for 21 consecutive days followed by 7 drug-free days. And the combined group received a combination of Dingkun Pill and Diane-35. The treatment course was 3 months. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFA) and sex hormones were analyzed, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was calculated, and menstruation and acnd better effects than Diane-35 in improving insulin sensitivity, lowering TC and FFA. Diane-35 was more efficient in regulating menstruation and lowering androgen than Dingkun Pill. Combination of Dingkun Pill and Diane-35 may be a better choice to regulate menstruation, lower androgens while improve glucose metabolism in PCOS patients. (Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, registration No. NCT03264638). Dingkun Pill showed better effects than Diane-35 in improving insulin sensitivity, lowering TC and FFA. Diane-35 was more efficient in regulating menstruation and lowering androgen than Dingkun Pill. Combination of Dingkun Pill and Diane-35 may be a better choice to regulate menstruation, lower androgens while improve glucose metabolism in PCOS patients. (Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, registration No. NCT03264638). To evaluate the effect of Guilu Erxian Glue (, GEG) on cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) senescence in mice and explore the underlying mechanism. The H liver cancer ascites lump model was established in male Kunming mice by injecting intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 5 × 10 /mL H cells per mouse. Fifty tumor-bearing mice were divided into the control, model, pifithrin-α, GEG, and GEG+pifithrin-α groups using a random number table, 10 mice in each group. CTX (100 mg/kg i.p.) was administrated to mice from day 1 to day 3 (d1-d3) continuously except for the control group. The mice in the pifithrin-α, GEG and GEG+pifithrin-α groups were treated with pifithrin-α (2.2 mg/(kg·d) i.p.) for 6 consecutive days (d4-d9), GEG (9.5 g/(kg·d) i.p.) for 9 consecutive days (d1-d9), and GEG plus pifithrin-α, respectively. HSCs were collected after 9-d drug treatment. The anti-aging effect of GEG was studied by cell viability, cell cycle, and β -galactosidase (β -gal) assays. The mRNA and protein expressions of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), CDK4, inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 4a encoding the tumor suppressor protein p16 (p16 ), p21 , p53, and phosphorylated retinoblastoma (pRb) were evaluated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and semi-quantitative Western blot, respectively.