https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bi-3406.html This study showed that the prevalence of TB and HIV co-infection failed to decrease over the study period, and that, while there was an increasing trend for integration of collaborative services, this was not uniform over time. Aligning and integrating TB and HIV responses are still needed to achieve the target of ending TB and HIV by 2030. This study showed that the prevalence of TB and HIV co-infection failed to decrease over the study period, and that, while there was an increasing trend for integration of collaborative services, this was not uniform over time. Aligning and integrating TB and HIV responses are still needed to achieve the target of ending TB and HIV by 2030. Vacuum drains have been extensively applied to prevent seroma formation after breast surgery. However, the usage of negative suction drainage is mainly determined by surgeon's experience and preferences. The aim of this study is to prospectively compare the drain effect after breast surgery between the low and high vacuum drains. This prospectively randomized trial (from January 2018 to June 2019) involved 188 patients who were subjected to modified radical mastectomy (group A, n=128) or immediate breast reconstruction with implants (group B, n=60). In each group, patients were randomized to receive high vacuum drain (pressure=-98 kPa) or low vacuum drain (pressure=-12 kPa) after surgery. Days of drain permanence, which means the duration of drainage, was the primary endpoint. According to the comparison of days of drain permanence, the effect of a low vacuum drain is not inferior to a high vacuum drain in group A (pectoral drain, <0.001; axillary drain, <0.001) or group B (submuscular drain, =0.002). The complications frequently occurred on patients with high vacuum drain (11.7%), such as seroma formation. The expense of low vacuum drain was significantly lower than high vacuum drain in both groups ( <0.01). The drain effect of the low vacuum