https://www.selleckchem.com/products/epacadostat-incb024360.html g., parents, siblings, peers) in romantic and sexual development in diverse populations. This paper accomplishes two goals. First, we assesses the measurement invariance of legal cynicism among adolescents in São Paulo, Brazil, Montevideo, Uruguay, and Zurich, Switzerland. Second, we evaluate a series of social and individual antecedents that are expected to influence legal cynicism across contexts. This paper first evaluates the measurement invariance of legal cynicism using Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis with three randomized clustered samples of adolescents in Zurich (n=1447), São Paulo (n=2680) and Montevideo (n=2204). Second, we assessed the correlates for legal cynicism in each city using structural equation modelling techniques. The results demonstrated metric invariance, but not scalar invariance among adolescents in São Paulo, Zurich, and Montevideo. We were able to establish partial measurement invariance for legal cynicism in São Paulo and Zurich, and therefore proceeded with the comparison of latent means and antecedents. The results show that on average legal cynicism and whether developmental models of self-control may help us understand the origins and nature of legal cynicism, as it is currently measured. Based on the expectancy-value theory and value transmission theory, the present study investigated the transmission process of academic values between best friends within the classroom. Expectancy-value theory argues that value related beliefs of important socialization agents influence the development of adolescents' academic values and that this effect is mediated through adolescents' perception of socializers' academic values. In this regard, best friends within the classroom were less focused by researchers although they become important socialization agents in adolescence. Therefore, the present study investigated the influence of friends' actual academic values on adoles