Microparticles (MP); also know as microvesicles are extracellular vesicles (0.1 to 1.0 μm) released by cells in response to cell activation or apoptosis. The high level of circulating MP is one of the important indicators of altered vascular function. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) derived MP could mediate proliferation and migration of VSMC leading to vascular inflammation. Proliferation of VSMC is mediated by mitogen associated protein kinase (MAPK) and proliferation cell nuclei antigen (PCNA) signaling pathway whereas migration is mediated by metalloproteinase and cytoskeletal remodeling pathway. In this study, VSMC-MP were isolated from confluent VSMC stimulated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. VSMC-MP were treated to VSMC to investigate the VSMC proliferation marker using in vitro assay. In comparison to normal (VSMC-MP untreated group), VSMC-MP treatment results in proliferation of VSMC as revealed by MTT assay. VSMC-MP and TNF-α induce proliferation by 34% and 67% respectively. VSMC-MP also induce over expression of PCNA in both immuno-fluorescence and western blot experiment. VSMC-MP and TNF-α increase the PCNA expression by 1.86-fold and 1.95-fold respectively. Similarly, VSMC-MP treatment results in over expression of MAPK pathway protein expression in VSMC. As compared to normal, the MAPK protein (pERK1/2, pP38 and pJNK) were increased by 1.41-fold, 1.42-fold and 1.48-fold, respectively in VSMC-MP treated VSMC. Our results provide the evidence of VSMC-MP involvement in proliferation of VSMC. Thus, VSMC-MP could be considered as a potential marker of vascular inflammatory disorder such as atherosclerosis.Periimplantitis is an inflammation similar to periodontitis, and is caused by biofilms formed on the surface of dental implants. Application of plasma on biomaterials has been reported to decrease the initial adhesion of microorganism by causing chemical changes without changing the surface morphology. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of inhibition of biofilm formation on the elapsed time after plasma treatment. Non thermal plasma generator (PGS-200 Plasma generator, Expantech Co., Korea) was applied to the specimens. The elapsed time in the atmosphere was set to 5 immediately after treatment, after 30 minutes of treatment, after 60 minutes of treatment, after 90 minutes of treatment. Surface property change with the elapsed time in the atmosphere after plasma treatment were confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and contact angle. Inhibition of biofilm formation was evaluated by the fluorescent nucleic acid staining. It was confirmed that the chemical composition and bonding state of the surface changes as the elapsed time in the atmosphere increases after plasma treatment. The adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis was the lowest immediately after plasma treatment, and increased again with increasing elapsed time in the atmosphere after plasma treatment. As a result of this study, it was confirmed that elapsed time in the atmosphere is a very important factor for inhibition of biofilm formation.Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reactions under low/atmospheric pressure of hydrogen should be studied to solve the problem of the economics of the high-pressure hydrogen upgrading process. Therefore, in this study, the catalytic HDO reaction of m-cresol in atmospheric hydrogen pressure was evaluated using Ni/silica and Nickel silicate (Ni-MCM-41) catalysts. The Ni-MCM-41 catalyst exhibited higher conversion of m-cresol than Ni/silica. The high activity of the Ni-MCM-41 catalyst was due to the large specific surface area and the high nickel loading.The HDO reaction was carried out using anisole at 300 °C in hydrogen under atmospheric pressure. Ni/meso-SiO₂ and Nickel silicate catalysts with high nickel contents were used. The yield of hydrocarbons in the HDO reaction over the nickel silicate catalyst was high compared to that over the Ni/meso-SiO₂ catalyst. In addition, the stability of the nickel silicate catalyst was excellent.The CH₄ conversion, CO₂ conversion, and H₂/CO ratio were set as dependent variables, as the feed rate, flow rate and reaction temperature as independent variables in the complex reaction of methane. We used the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique to build a model of the process. The ANN technique was able to predict the reforming process with higher accuracy due to the training capability. The reaction temperature has the greatest effect on the CO₂-CH₄ reforming reaction.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/perhexiline-maleate.html  This is because the catalytic reaction temperature has a direct influence on the thermodynamic value and the reaction rate and the equilibrium state.The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of feed composition, space velocity, and reaction temperature on methane/carbon dioxide conversion and H₂/CO ratio. Independent variables were feed ratio, flow rate, and reaction temperature while CH₄ conversion, CO₂ conversion, and H₂/CO ratio were set as dependent variables in the complex reaction of methane. As a result of mixed reforming reaction of methane through RSM modeling method, the reaction temperature was found to have the greatest influence. This is because the reaction temperature has the greatest influence on the reaction rate and equilibrium state as a factor directly affecting the thermodynamic value of the catalyst.In this paper, combined steam-carbon dioxide reforming of methane (CSDRM) on a nickel-based catalyst is investigated by using response surface methodology (RSM). Models were developed based on central composite design (CCD), conducted on methane, carbon dioxide conversion, and H₂/CO ratio with feed ratio, flow rate, and temperature. In Analysis of variance analysis (ANOVA), good agreement was shown between predicted data from RSM model and experimental data as well. This indicated, high adjusted R² (R square, coefficient of determination), F-value over 0.75, and p-value less than 0.05. CH₄ and CO₂ conversion were considerably improved at higher reaction temperature, because of the endothermic nature of the CSDRM. Also, H₂/CO ratio was affected by feed ratio. The minutiae of development of the model, testing, etc. is presented in this study.