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  Significant association between Glasgow Coma Scale and computed tomography finding was seen(p less than 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Glasgow Coma Scale is strongly associated with computed tomography in patients with head injury. Road traffic accident is the commonest mode of injury. Most present with mild head injury.BACKGROUND The interval between stimulus and response is called reaction time. It measures the sensorimotor function and performance of an individual. It involves stimulus processing, decision making and response programming. Many factors such as age, gender, handedness, physical fitness, sleep, fatigue, distraction, personality type and type of stimulus have been shown to affect reaction time. Thus the aim of this study was to assess the effect of body mass index, handedness and gender on reaction time. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, from October 2019 to December 2019, among 113 student volunteers. Height and weight were recorded and body mass index was then calculated. In ruler drop method, the students were made to sit with their forearm resting on a flat horizontal table surface, with their open hand at the edge of the surface.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/U0126.html  When the examiner suspended and released the ruler vertically the students were instructed to catch it as quickly as possible. RESULTS Females had a faster reaction time than males when testing either hand (178.46±17.56 Vs 195.99±15.67; right hand) and (184.25±17.02 Vs 199.57±15.91; left hand). In females, right hand responded faster than left hand. In both gender, reaction time was faster in normal weight compared to overweight individuals but it was statistically insignificant. CONCLUSIONS Females responded faster than males. Right hand had shorter reaction time than left hand in females. Reaction time was insignificantly prolonged in overweight individuals.BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is a common problem in many countries throughout the world. This study aimed at understanding the status of vitamin D deficiency in relation to age, gender, geography and season among relatively bigger numbers of population residing in central and western regions of Nepal. METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out by reviewing the records of vitamin D tests in two centers of Nepal- namely united reference laboratories at Pokhara and Chitwan Medical College at Chitwan.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/U0126.html  A total of 3320 individuals who were tested for clinical suspicion of vitamin D deficiency over a period of one year were included in the study. RESULTS Mean vitamin D level was 18.7 ng/mL. Majority of subjects tested for vitamin D were females (71.36 %) with female to male ratio of 2.491. Hypovitaminosis D (≤ 30 ng/mL) was found in 84.5% subjects and was moderate to severely deficit (less than 10 ng/mL) in 25.9% of subjects. Status of hypovitaminosis D was found to be less in ≥50 years (79.9%) than the younger subjects (89.9% in ≤18 years and 87.0% in 19-49 years age group). Vitamin D deficiency was found lower in hills districts (80.8% vs 89.7% in the plains), which was found to be more pronounced during winter through summer seasons as compared to fall season. CONCLUSIONS Population residing in plain areas and summer, spring and winter season are found to have increased problem of Hypovitaminosis D. It is also found to be common among younger children and female of reproductive age group. We have also found out the increased problem of hypovitaminosis D among population residing in the plain areas than in the hills especially in the summer, spring and winter season.BACKGROUND Sepsis has been defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection. Sepsis is an important cause of mortality in intensive care unit worldwide. The study aims to identify the outcome of sepsis patient admitted at tertiary care hospital. METHODS This is a descriptive cross-sectional hospital based study on 76 adult patients admitted at intensive care unit of Nobel Medical College with diagnosis of sepsis with an objective of estimating mortality of sepsis and identifying associated symptoms with it. Baseline demographics, clinical and laboratory data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Out of 76 patients with sepsis, mean age of the patients was 50.07±18.15 years. Majority of patients 31.6% with sepsis were above age groups >60 years. The most common symptoms among the patients were fever, which was seen in 69 (90.8%) patients. The most common source of infection in those patients was found to be unknown, which was seen in 36.8% of patients. While analyzing the outcome, it was noted that 25 patients with sepsis (32.9%) died during treatment. CONCLUSIONS Sepsis is related with high mortality. Elderly patients are at more risk. Fever is the commonest presentation and source is not identified in majority of cases.BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases are the dominant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In 2008, cardiovascular deaths represented 30% of all global deaths, with more than 80% of deaths in developing countries. There is increase in incidence of hypertension, atherosclerosis, stroke, chronic heart failure and atrial fibrillation. The objective of this study is to find the pattern of cardiovascular diseases among patients admitted in cardiac ward. METHODS A retrospective analysis of records of admitted patients from 1st January 2016 - 30th December 2017 was conducted in Cardiology ward of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal. A total of 2268 patients' data were taken from the ward register. The data was collected and analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS 18.0 version during the period from 1st June to 30th August 2018. RESULTS The age ranged between 12 to 95 years with a mean (SD) is 61.23(16.34 years). More than half (51%) of the patients were female gender. Forty-six percentages of the patients were in the age group of 56 - 75 years. More than 1/3rd (35%) were diagnosed with Ischemic heart disease (IHD) followed by hypertension (22.8%) and arrhythmia(13.4%). There was a significant association between age and gender with the pattern of cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS Ischemic heart disease, hypertension and arrhythmia were the major causes of hospitalization. Preventive measures at community and personal level focusing on the risk factors management of ischemic heart disease will alleviate the burden of ischemic heart disease.