3 to 3.0 ng L-1. The average recoveries were in the range of 92.9-113.6% and 86.0-99.3% for spiked water samples at 10 and 100 ng L-1 of each BFR. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations (n = 6) were less than 5.4% and 8.0%, respectively. The results demonstrated that the proposed method was highly sensitive, efficient and reliable for the determination of trace legacy and emerging BFRs in water samples.In this work, a sensitive, rapid, and matrix effect-free method for online simultaneous detection of benzimidazoles in animal products by in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with mass spectrometry (in-tube SPME-MS) was investigated. Herein, according to the chemical structures properites of the analyte benzimidazoles, poly (3-Acrylamidophenylboronic acid-co-divinylbenzene-co-N,N'-Methylenebisacryladmide) [poly (AAPBA-co-DVB-co-MBAA)] microextraction column was prepared, and severs as the extraction and enrichment medium (in-tube SPME) via hydrophobic, B-N coordination, π-π, and hydrogen bonding interactions with the benzimidazoles. The monolithic column was optimized and characterized, showing satisfactory permeability and extraction capacity in range of 514-1000 μg mL-1 for the benzimidazoles. The important parameters of the in-tube SPME-MS system experimental condition were systematically optimized to achieve the maximal extraction efficiency. Under the optimized condition, the MS intensity of benzimidazoles measured by in-tube SPME-MS is more significant, cleaner, and has a better signal-to-noise ratio than the mass intensity measured by direct MS method. Good linearity was obtained with correlation coefficients between 0.9915 and 0.9990, and the detection limits (S/N = 3) of the benzimidazoles were between 0.55 and 0.91 ng g-1. Recoveries in the range of 72.5%-92.4% were obtained for the benzimidazoles in pork and chicken in three spiked concentration levels, with satisfactory relative standard deviations (n = 4) that lower than 7.5%. The developed in-tube SPME-MS method based on the poly (AAPBA-co-DVB-co-MBAA) column was successfully used to sensitively determine trace benzimidazoles in animal products without interference peaks, indicating that it is promising for the analysis of benzimidazoles in practical samples that requiring minimal sample pre-treatment and no chromatographic separation.
  The dried root and rhizome of Aster tataricus (RA), is a traditional Chinese medicine has been used for more than 2000 years with the function of antitussive, expectorant and antiasthmatic. Ancient books and modern pharmacological researches demonstrated that RA may have the function of moistening intestines and relieving constipation, but there was a lack of systematic evidence. The aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and possible mechanisms of ethanol extract of Aster tataricus (ATE) in treating constipation from in vivo to in vitro.
 
  In vivo, the ATE was studied in loperamide-induced constipation of mice. In vitro, different concentrations of ATE was tested separately or cumulatively on spontaneous and agonists-induced contractions of isolated rat duodenum strips.
 
  In vivo, at doses of 0.16, 0.8 g/mL, ATE showed significantly promotion of the small intestinal charcoal transit, decrease of the amount of remnant fecal, and increase of the content of fecal water in colon. In addition, ATE could effectively relieve colonic pathological damage caused by loperamide as well. In vitro, with the cumulative concentration increase of ATE from 0.8 to 6.4 mg/mL, it could significantly decrease the contraction caused by KCl or Ach, and gradually restore to near base tension value.Meanwhile, it could also partially but significantly inhibit the contractions induced by Ach and CaCl
  on rat duodenum in a concentration related manner.
 
  Taking all these findings together, it could be speculated that ATE may attenuate constipation mainly through antagonizing the binding of acetylcholine to muscarinic receptor, inhibiting Ca
  influx and anti-inflammation.
 Taking all these findings together, it could be speculated that ATE may attenuate constipation mainly through antagonizing the binding of acetylcholine to muscarinic receptor, inhibiting Ca2+ influx and anti-inflammation.
  Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is the only pathogen in the Mycoplasma family that can cause respiratory symptoms, including acute upper respiratory tract infection and bronchitis, which are often attributed to Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP).  https://www.selleckchem.com/btk.html  MPP is one of the diseases that commonly affects the pediatric respiratory system, but its pathogenesis is unclear. This study investigated the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Qingxuan Tongluo formula and its main component, curcumin, on MPP.
 
  A mouse model of MPP was obtained by nasal drip of the MP strain. The effects of Qingxuan Tongluo formula and curcumin on the treatment of MPP were studied. The proteomic profiles of the alveolar lavage fluid of mice in the model group, Qingxuan Tongluo formula group and curcumin group were evaluated by LC-MS/MS. ELISA and immunohistochemistry were used to verify the possible presence of MP infection biomarkers and drug target proteins.
 
  Compared with the mice in the model group, the MPP mice in the Qingxuan Tongluo fors and cough and prolonged the cough incubation period of MPP mice. Qingxuan Tongluo formula and curcumin significantly improved the pathological changes in lung tissue caused by MP infection. Proteomics analyses indicated that Qingxuan Tongluo formula and curcumin may have therapeutic effects on MPP by regulating energy metabolism, relieving oxidative stress and activating the fibrinolytic system. ENO1 and PLG were found to be potential drug targets.
  Maternal obesity induces adverse cardiac programming in offspring, and effective interventions are needed to prevent cardiovascular ill-health. Herein we hypothesized that exposure to maternal obesogenic diet-induced obesity in mice results in left ventricular remodelling and hypertrophy in early childhood, and that maternal N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment alleviates these effects in a sex-dependent manner.
 
  The maternal obesity was induced in mice by the consumption of a Western diet accompanied by a 20 % sucrose solution. To determine the effect of NAC on the cardiac outcomes induced by maternal obesity, obese dams were continuously exposed to the obesogenic diet, with or without the oral NAC treatment during pregnancy. Left ventricular remodelling and hypertrophy occurred as early as 7 days after birth in the male offspring of obese dams (O-OB) compared with controls (O-CO). An over-expression of key genes and markers related to cardiac fibrosis accompanied by more disorganized myofibrils was observed in the hearts of neonatal male O-OB mice.