Studies of the indoor airborne microbiome have mostly been confined to a single location and time point. Here, we characterized, over the course of a year, the geographic variation, building-function dependence, and dispersal characteristics of indoor and outdoor airborne microbiomes (bacterial members only) of eight mechanically ventilated commercial buildings. Based on the Sloan neutral model, airborne microbiomes were randomly dispersed in the respective indoor and outdoor environments and between the two environments during each season. The dominant taxa in the indoor and outdoor environments showed minor variations at each location among seasons. The airborne microbiomes displayed weak seasonality for both indoor and outdoor environments, while a weak geographic variation was found only for the indoor environments. Source tracking results show that outdoor air and occupant skin were major contributors to the indoor airborne microbiomes, but the extent of the contribution from each source varied within and among buildings over the seasons, which suggests variations in local building use. Based on 32 cases of indoor airborne microbiome data, we determined that the indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratio of PM2.5 was not a robust indicator of the sources found indoors. Alternatively, the indoor concentration of carbon dioxide was more closely correlated with the major sources of the indoor airborne microbiome in mechanically ventilated environments.In this work, we demonstrate an ultrasensitive, visible-blind ultraviolet (UV) photodetector based on perovskite-polymer hybrid structure. A novel wide-band-gap vacancy-ordered lead-free inorganic perovskite Cs2SnCl6 with Nd3+ doping is employed in the active layer of this hybrid photodetector. Remarkably, with interfacial charge-controlled hole-injection operating mechanism, our device achieves a maximum detectivity of 6.3 × 1015 Jones at 372 nm, fast photoresponse speed with rise time and fall time in the order of milliseconds, and a large linear dynamic range of 118 dB. The performance is significantly better than most of the existing organic and inorganic semiconductor UV photodetectors reported so far, and its detectivity is close to 1 order of magnitude higher than that of the photomultiplication tube (PMT) in the UV region. In addition, the photodetector demonstrated excellent environmental stability, which is critical for commercial deployment of perovskite-based optoelectronic devices. The results presented in this work open a new route toward development of high-performance optoelectronic devices using perovskite-based hybrid nanomaterial systems.Semiconductor surface patterning at the nanometer scale is crucial for high-performance optical, electronic, and photovoltaic devices. To date, surface nanostructures on organic-inorganic single-crystal perovskites have been achieved mainly through destructive methods such as electron-beam lithography and focused ion beam milling. Here, we present a solution-based epitaxial growth method for creating nanopatterns on the surface of perovskite monocrystalline thin films.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pd-1-pd-l1-inhibitor-2.html  We show that high-quality monocrystalline arbitrary nanopatterns can form in solution with a low-cost simple setup. We also demonstrate controllable photoluminescence from nanopatterned perovskite surfaces by adjusting the nanopattern parameters. A seven-fold enhancement in photoluminescence intensity and a three-time reduction of the surface radiative recombination lifetime are observed at room temperature for nanopatterned MAPbBr3 monocrystalline thin films. Our findings are promising for the cost-effective fabrication of monocrystalline perovskite on-chip electronic and photonic circuits down to the nanometer scale with finely tunable optoelectronic properties.Neural interfaces are the fundamental tools to understand the brain and cure many nervous-system diseases. For proper interfacing, seamless integration, efficient and safe digital-to-biological signal transduction, and long operational lifetime are required. Here, we devised a wireless optoelectronic pseudocapacitor converting the optical energy to safe capacitive currents by dissociating the photogenerated excitons in the photovoltaic unit and effectively routing the holes to the supercapacitor electrode and the pseudocapacitive electrode-electrolyte interfacial layer of PEDOTPSS for reversible faradic reactions. The biointerface showed high peak capacitive currents of ∼3 mA·cm-2 with total charge injection of ∼1 μC·cm-2 at responsivity of 30 mA·W-1, generating high photovoltages over 400 mV for the main eye photoreception colors of blue, green, and red. Moreover, modification of PEDOTPSS controls the charging/discharging phases leading to rapid capacitive photoresponse of 50 μs and effective membrane depolarization at the single-cell level. The neural interface has a device lifetime of over 1.5 years in the aqueous environment and showed stability without significant performance decrease after sterilization steps. Our results demonstrate that adopting the pseudocapacitance phenomenon on organic photovoltaics paves an ultraefficient, safe, and robust way toward communicating with biological systems.Surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization (SALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) has become an attractive complementary approach to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) MS. SALDI MS has great potential for the detection of small molecules because of the absence of applied matrix. In this work, a functionalized porous TiO2 film immobilized with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs-FPTDF) was prepared to enhance SALDI MS performance. The porous TiO2 films were prepared by the facile sol-gel method and chemically functionalized for dense loading of AuNPs. The prepared AuNPs-FPTDF showed superior performance in the detection and imaging of small molecules in dual-polarity modes, with high detection sensitivity in the low pmol range, good repeatability, and low background noise compared to common organic MALDI matrixes. Its usage efficiently enhanced SALDI MS detection of various small molecules, such as amino acids and neurotransmitters, fatty acids, saccharides, alkaloids, and flavonoids, as compared with α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, 9-aminoacridine, and the three precursor substrates of AuNPs-FPTDF.