Similarly, limited high-quality evidence supported that multimodal analgesia improved patients' functionality and satisfaction while decreasing the length of hospitalization and overall costs of surgery. However, the results were inconclusive as far as the disability was concerned.
 
  Multimodal analgesia seems to have an essential role for the optimal management of patients undergoing spine surgery. Future research is required to optimize the multimodal analgesia protocols in this group of patients.
 Multimodal analgesia seems to have an essential role for the optimal management of patients undergoing spine surgery. Future research is required to optimize the multimodal analgesia protocols in this group of patients.
  By stabilizing immature leaky vessel formation in neomembranes, statin drugs have been suggested as a nonsurgical treatment option for chronic subdural hematomas (cSDH). Statin therapy seems to reduce conservatively managed cSDH volume. However, the usefulness of these medications in supplementing surgical treatment is unknown.
 
  To investigate the effect of concurrent statin therapy on outcomes after surgical treatment of cSDH.
 
  A retrospective single-institution cohort study of surgically managed patients with convexity cSDH between 2009 and 2019 was conducted. Patients receiving this diagnosis who underwent surgical decompression were included, and those without follow-up scans were excluded. Demographic, clinical, and radiographic variables were collected. cSDH size was defined as maximum radial thickness in millimeters on axial computed tomography of the head. Multivariable linear regression was performed to identify factors (including statin use) that were associated with preoperative to follow-up cSDH size change.
 
  Overall, 111 patients, including 36 patients taking statins on admission, were evaluated. Median time to follow-up postoperative imaging was 30 days (interquartile range, 17-42 days). Patients on statins were older (median, 75 years, range, 68-78.25 years vs. 69 years, range, 59-7 years; P= 0.006) and reported more antiplatelet use (67% vs. 28%; P < 0.001). Median change in follow-up size was 13 mm in both statin and nonstatin groups. Adjusting for other clinical covariates, statin use was associated with greater reduction in cSDH size (CE= -6.72 mm, 95% confidence interval, -13.18 to -0.26 mm; P= 0.042).
 
  Statin use is associated with improved cSDH size postoperatively. Statin drugs might represent a low-cost and low-risk supplement to the surgical management for patients with cSDH.
 Statin use is associated with improved cSDH size postoperatively. Statin drugs might represent a low-cost and low-risk supplement to the surgical management for patients with cSDH.
  Surgical resection has been shown to prolong survival in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), although this benefit has not been demonstrated for reoperation following tumor recurrence. Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive ablation technique that has been shown to effectively reduce tumor burden in some patients with intracranial malignancy. The aim of this study was to describe the safety and efficacy of LITT for recurrent and newly diagnosed GBM at a large tertiary referral center.
 
  Patients with GBM receiving LITT were retrospectively analyzed.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/baf312-siponimod.html  Overall survival from the time of LITT was the primary end point measured.
 
  There were 69 patients identified for inclusion in this study. The median age of the cohort was 56 years (range, 15-77 years). Median tumor volume was 10.4 cm
  (range, 1.0-64.0 cm
  ). A Kaplan-Meier estimate of median overall survival for the series from the time of LITT was 12 months (95% confidence interval 8-16 months). Median progression-free survival for the cohort from LITT was 4 months (95% confidence interval 3-7 months). Adjuvant chemotherapy significantly prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival (P < 0.01 for both) in the cohort. Gross total ablation was not significantly associated with progression-free survival (P= 0.09).
 
  LITT can safely reduce intracranial tumor burden in patients with GBM who have exhausted other adjuvant therapies or are poor candidates for conventional resection techniques.
 LITT can safely reduce intracranial tumor burden in patients with GBM who have exhausted other adjuvant therapies or are poor candidates for conventional resection techniques.
  We sought to compare the cost and in-hospital outcomes following lumbar microdiskectomy procedures by admission type.
 
  Patients undergoing lumbar microdiskectomy at a single institution from 2008 to 2016 following an elective admission (EL) were compared against those who were admitted from the emergency department (ED) or from elsewhere within or outside the hospital system (TR) for their perioperative outcomes and cost. Multivariable modeling controlled for age, sex, self-reported race, Elixhauser comorbidity score, payer type, number of segments, and procedure length.
 
  Of the 1249 patients included in this study, 1116 (89.4%) were admitted electively while 123 (9.8%) were admitted from the ED and 10 (0.8%) were transferred from other hospitals. EL patients had significantly lower comorbidity burdens (P < 0.0001). Univariate and multivariable analyses revealed that transfer admission patients experienced significantly longer hospitalizations (ED+1.7 days; P < 0.0001; TR+5.3 days; P < 0.0001) and higher direct costs (ED $1889; P < 0.0001; TR $7001; P < 0.0001) compared with EL patients. Despite these risks, ED and TR patients only had increased odds of nonhome discharge compared with EL patients (ED 3.4; P= 0.002; TR 7.9; P= 0.02).
 
  Patients admitted as transfers and from the ED had significantly increased hospitalization lengths of stay and direct costs compared with electively admitted patients.
 Patients admitted as transfers and from the ED had significantly increased hospitalization lengths of stay and direct costs compared with electively admitted patients.
  The T2-FLAIR mismatch sign is a useful imaging sign in clinical magnetic resonance imaging studies for detecting isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant 1p/19q non-codeleted astrocytomas. However, the association between the mismatch sign and pathologic findings is poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship of histopathologic and radiologic features with the mismatch sign in IDH-mutant 1p/19q non-codeleted astrocytomas.
 
  We divided 17 IDH-mutant 1p/19q non-codeleted patients into 2 groups according to mismatch sign presence (WITH, n= 9; WITHOUT, n= 8) and retrospectively analyzed their pathologic findings and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. We also compared these findings between the tumor Core (central area) and Rim (marginal area).
 
  In the pathologic analysis, Core of the WITH group contained numerous microcysts whereas Rim had abundant neuroglial fibrils and cellularity. In contrast, Core of the WITHOUT group had highly concentrated neuroglial fibrils.