No other pathology was recognizable on the skeleton. Our differential diagnosis confidently proved that the craniotomy was due to an autoptsy procedure and was not the result of an anatomical dissection. We believe that, among other possible reasons, failed surgery could likely be the motive behind the ordering of the autopsy.The forensic museum specimen presented in this paper is the oldest specimen in the collection of the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Belgrade. It comprises a jar containing six cervical vertebras connected to a small amount of dry connective tissue.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ipi-549.html  During the autopsy, the cervical part of the spine was completely opened posteriorly the base of the odontoid process of the axis was crushed, but the transverse and posterior longitudinal ligaments and the spinal cord were intact. Attached to the specimen, there is a partly cored piece of lead which looks like a severely deformed handgun projectile, approximately 12 mm in diameter. The deceased was a 23-year-old man who committed suicide with a gun in a public park. The gun used was most probably a Nagant M1893 revolver, popular in the region until the end of the Second World War. The pathologist, Dr. Eduard Michel, concluded that the immediate cause of death was asphyxiation due to massive blood aspiration caused by an intraoral gunshot wound. Although the revolver model used is a low-velocity firearm, in such cases the shock wave secondary to the impact of the projectile on the second vertebral bone is likely to have been the cause of widespread neuro-axonal damage at the level of the spinal cord, however, Dr. Michel assumed that death was not instantaneous due to massive hemoaspiration. Nevertheless, without examination of all internal organs and the cervical spine, this case could have remained unexplained.
  To evaluate (1) the impact of acute and habitual alcohol consumption on atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial remodeling and (2) the role of alcohol reduction and/or abstinence in the primary and secondary prevention of AF.
 
  Acute alcohol consumption appears to be a common AF trigger, with animal and human studies demonstrating changes in electrophysiological parameters, autonomic tone, and cellular properties expected to promote AF. Habitual consumption is associated with adverse atrial remodeling, higher risk of incident AF, and AF recurrence. Randomized data suggest that reduction in excessive alcohol consumption may reduce the risk of recurrent AF episodes and AF burden. Alcohol is an increasingly recognized risk factor for both new onset AF and discrete AF episodes. Excessive consumption should be avoided for primary and secondary prevention of AF.
 Acute alcohol consumption appears to be a common AF trigger, with animal and human studies demonstrating changes in electrophysiological parameters, autonomic tone, and cellular properties expected to promote AF. Habitual consumption is associated with adverse atrial remodeling, higher risk of incident AF, and AF recurrence. Randomized data suggest that reduction in excessive alcohol consumption may reduce the risk of recurrent AF episodes and AF burden. Alcohol is an increasingly recognized risk factor for both new onset AF and discrete AF episodes. Excessive consumption should be avoided for primary and secondary prevention of AF.
  To determine if there was a clinically significant difference in clinical outcomes after toric IOL implantation based on intraoperative aberrometry (IA), where eyes were measured either in the aphakic state only or both the aphakic and pseudophakic states.
 
  A prospective, randomized, contralateral eye study was performed at one site in Poughkeepsie, NY, USA. Subjects included patients presenting for uncomplicated bilateral cataract surgery eligible for toric lens implantation with regular corneal astigmatism in both eyes whose toric IOL implantation was based on IA. One eye was measured when aphakic and the other when both aphakic and pseudophakic. The primary outcome measure was the magnitude of residual refractive astigmatism. Secondary measures included the percentage of eyes with 0.50D or less of residual refractive astigmatism, the spherical equivalent refraction and the time for IA measurement.
 
  Mean residual refractive astigmatism was not statistically significantly different between groups (0.32D ± 0.46D IA_1 vs. 0.23D ± 0.35D IA_2, p = 0.25), nor was the percentage of eyes with a residual refractive cylinder of 0.50D or less (94% in both groups, p = 1.0). The average time to measure the pseudophakic eye was 3min, 46s. Aphakic IA measurements appeared to produce better spherical equivalent refractive results relative to preoperative calculations.
 
  Pseudophakic IA measurements took nearly 4min per case. Residual refractive astigmatism was not appreciably lower when pseudophakic IA measurements were made after aphakic IA measurements, which suggests aphakic IA measurements alone provide good clinical results with toric IOLs.
 Pseudophakic IA measurements took nearly 4 min per case. Residual refractive astigmatism was not appreciably lower when pseudophakic IA measurements were made after aphakic IA measurements, which suggests aphakic IA measurements alone provide good clinical results with toric IOLs.The original version of the article unfortunately contained an error in the unit used for 'Distance of propagation'. The distance of propagation should be in the unit 'cm' rather than 'mm' throughout the manuscript.
  Pancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal malignancies and primary prevention strategies are limited. Epidemiological studies focusing on the association between folate intake and pancreatic cancer risk have reported inconsistent findings.
 
  A systematic search of the literature was conducted using the PubMed and EMBASE databases. A systematic review and meta-analysis of eligible studies was performed to assess the association between folate intake and risk of pancreatic cancer.
 
  A total of 16 studies involving 5654 cases and 1,009,374 individuals were included. The result showed a significant association of folate intake with a decreased risk of pancreatic cancer, with a pooled OR of 0.82 (95% CI 0.69-0.97, P = 0.019) for the highest category of intake vs. the lowest. The data suggested that high intake of folate may contribute to the prevention of pancreatic cancer. However, the association was observed only in case-control studies (OR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.65-0.93, P = 0.006), but not in cohort studies (RR = 0.