https://www.selleckchem.com/products/PD-173074.html 001), or without nephropathy (DM) (P 0.004), the expression of micro-RNA 152-3p demonstrated a significant elevation in comparison to the controls. Also, the level of micro-RNA 152-3p showed a positive correlation with HbA1c and the duration of diabetes mellitus. The severity of nephropathy as evaluated by markers of renal disease progression; estimated (e)GFR and albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) revealed a significant correlation with the level of micro-RNA 152-3p. In the same context, serum level of micro-RNA 152-3p was elevated in diabetics with advanced stage of nephropathy (macroalbuminuria) versus the rest of diabetics (without albuminuria and with microalbuminuria). Two one sided T procedure provided a strong statistical support for equivalence of both micro-RNA s 16 and 24. In conclusion, such findings may indicate a pathologic role of micro-RNA 152-3p in Type 2 diabetes mellitus and in the progression of diabetic nephropathy.Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is considered a safe and beneficial treatment for allergic rhinitis (AR). Probiotics are unusual treatment options for AR and have lately created great concern in the scientific community. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of combined probiotics plus SLIT on nasal symptoms in AR children. In this study, the SLIT only group (n = 15) received SLIT for 6 months, combined treatment group (n =15) received probiotics plus SLIT for 2 months and then SLIT for another 4 months. After 6 months of therapy, all symptoms of AR were significantly improved in both groups. The nasal obstruction was significantly resolved in both groups, p less then 0.001. Total nasal symptom score (TNSS) was significantly decreased after treatment in both groups (p less then 0.001). However, a significant difference was observed between the percent change in TNSS between both groups (P= 0.031). Also statistically significant difference was found between the studied gro