The Stemina devTOX quickPredict platform (devTOXqP) is a human pluripotent stem cell-based assay that predicts the developmental toxicity potential based on changes in cellular metabolism following chemical exposure [Palmer et al. 2013]. Using this assay, we screened 1065 ToxCast Phase I and II chemicals in single-concentration or concentration-response for the targeted biomarker (ratio of ornithine to cystine secreted or consumed from the media). The dataset from the Stemina (STM) assay is annotated in the ToxCast portfolio as STM. Major findings from the analysis of ToxCast_STM dataset include [1] 19% of 1065 chemicals yielded a prediction of developmental toxicity; [2] assay performance reached 79% to 82% accuracy with high specificity (>84%) but modest sensitivity ( less then 67%) when compared to in vivo animal models of human prenatal developmental toxicity; [3] sensitivity improved as more stringent weight of evidence requirements were applied to the animal studies; and [4] statistical analysis of the most potent chemical hits on specific biochemical targets in ToxCast revealed positive and negative associations with the STM response, providing insights into the mechanistic underpinnings of the targeted endpoint and its biological domain. The results of this study will be useful to improving our ability to predict in vivo developmental toxicants based on in vitro data and in silico models. Published by Oxford University Press 2020.BACKGROUND there is limited understanding on whether and how socioeconomic status (SES), particularly educational attainment and household income, impacts on telomere length in an Australian rural context. Additionally, it is unknown whether access to health services via the Australian public or private health system influences telomere length. AIM this study investigates whether there is a relationship between telomere length and SES indicators (income, education) as well as health insurance status in a rural Australian population. METHODS samples were drawn from the Australian Rural Victoria cross-sectional Crossroads Study. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) was measured using a multiplex quantitative PCR method.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pd-1-pd-l1-inhibitor-2.html  RESULTS among 1424 participants, we did not find a significant main effect association with LTL across education, income level, health insurance. An exploratory finding was sex may influence the relationship between educational attainment and LTL (P =  0.021). In males, but not females, higher education was associated with longer LTL by 0.033 (95%CI, 0.002 - 0.063, P =  0.035); In those with low education attainment, male participants had shorter LTL by 0.058 (95%CI, -0.086 - -0.029) than female participants (P less then 0.0001). CONCLUSION being male and having lower education attainment was associated with shorter telomere length in our rural population. Evidence from our study supports the importance of education on LTL in males in rural Australia. Our studies also support previous findings that LTL in later life may not be closely associated with indicators of socio-economic status. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Physicians. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.Hepatotoxicity is a leading cause of attrition in the drug development process. Traditional preclinical and clinical studies to evaluate hepatotoxicity liabilities are expensive and time-consuming. With the advent of critical advancements in High Throughput Screening (HTS), there has been a rapid accumulation of in vitro toxicity data available to inform the risk assessment of new pharmaceuticals and chemicals. To this end, we curated and merged all available in vivo hepatotoxicity data obtained from the literature and public resources, which yielded a comprehensive database of 4,089 compounds that includes hepatotoxicity classifications. After dividing the original database of chemicals into modeling and test sets, PubChem assay data were automatically extracted using an in-house data mining tool and clustered based on relationships between structural fragments and cellular responses in in vitro assays. The resultant PubChem assay clusters were further investigated. During cross-validation procedure, the biological data obtained from several assay clusters exhibited high predictivity of hepatotoxicity and these assays were selected to evaluate the test set compounds. The read-across results indicated that if a new compound contained identified specific chemical fragments (i.e. Molecular Initiate Event) and showed active responses in the relevant selected PubChem assays, there was potential for the chemical to be hepatotoxic in vivo. Furthermore, several mechanisms that might contribute to toxicity were derived from the modeling results including alterations in nuclear receptor signaling and inhibition of DNA repair. This modeling strategy can be further applied to the investigation of other complex chemical toxicity phenomena (e.g. developmental and reproductive toxicities) as well as drug efficacy. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.Takayasu Arteritis (TA) is an idiopathic chronic obliterative inflammatory disease of large vessels like aorta and its branches. Inflammation and mural wall thickening leads to concentric narrowing of vessels. Because of the severity of the disease, early diagnosis and treatment is important in improving the outcome of disease. We would like to demonstrate the classical "Double Ring Sign" on computed tomography angiography (CTA) in this report. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Physicians. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.CONTEXT Krill oil is a good source of n-3 phospholipids and has greater bioavailability than fish oil, which contains n-3 triglycerides. However, it is unclear whether krill oil affects circulating lipid concentrations more beneficially than fish oil. OBJECTIVE A network meta-analysis was conducted to compare the lipid-modifying effects of krill oil and fish oil. DATA SOURCES PubMed and Embase databases were searched. STUDY SELECTION A total of 64 randomized controlled trials that determined the lipid-modifying effects of krill oil or fish oil were selected. DATA EXTRACTION The MetaXL program was used for meta-analysis. A subgroup analysis and a network meta-regression were conducted to investigate the dose-response effect of the n-3 fatty acid content of fish oil and krill oil. RESULTS Krill oil was associated with significantly lower triglyceride levels than control supplements (weighted mean difference [WMD] -23.26 [95%CI, -38.84 to -7.69]). However, the net differences in triglycerides (WMD -4.07 [95%CI, -15.