Release of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) as components of the light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPL) contaminates soil and groundwater. Assessing the mechanisms of degradation and mineralization of BTEX in groundwater helps understand the migration of the dissolved plume, enabling the reduction of risks to humans. Here, we studied the fate of ethylbezene, m,p-xylenes and o-xylenes and the accompanying formation of methane in a Cenozoic lateritic aquifer in Brazil by compound-specific carbon stable isotope analysis (CSIA), to gain insights into the complex dynamics of release and biodegradation of BTEX in the LNAPL source zone. The enrichment of ∂13C in aromatic compounds dissolved in groundwater compared to the corresponding compounds in LNAPL indicate that CSIA can provide valuable information regarding biodegradation. The isotopic analysis of methane provides direct indication of oxidation mediated by aquifer oxygenation. The ∂13C-CO2 values indicate methanogenesis prevailing at the border and aerobic biodegradation in the center of the LNAPL source zone. Importantly, the isotopic results allowed major improvements in the previously developed conceptual model, supporting the existence of oxic and anoxic environments within the LNAPL source zone.The electrochemical dinitrogen reduction represents an attractive approach of converting N2 and water into ammonia, while the rational design of catalytic active centers remains challenging. Investigating model molecular catalysts with well-tuned catalytic sites should help to develop a clear structure-activity relationship for electrochemical N2 reduction. Herein, we designed several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules with well-defined positions of boron and nitrogen atoms. Theoretical calculations revealed that the boron atoms possess high local positive charge densities as Lewis acid sites, which are beneficial for N2 adsorption and activation, thus serving as major catalytic active sites for N2 electrochemical reduction. Furthermore, the close vicinity of two boron atoms can further enhance the local positive density and subsequent catalytic activity. Using the PAH molecule with two boron atoms separated by two carbon atoms (B-2C-B), a high NH3 production rate of 34.58 μg·h-1·cm-2 and a corresponding Faradaic efficiency (5.86%) were achieved at -0.7 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, substantially exceeding the other PAHs with single boron or nitrogen-containing molecular structures.NiO is a highly appealing anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its relatively high Li storage capacity. However, its low electrical conductivity and large volume change during the battery cycling process limit its application. Here, we fabricate a series of porous Ni/NiO (M) nanocomposites through the direct pyrolysis of a nickel oxalate precursor and adjust the Ni(0) content by varying the pyrolysis temperature. The porous architecture is beneficial for alleviating the volume expansion/constriction during cycling. The Ni in the composites accelerates the electrochemical reaction kinetics and enhances the conductivity of the electrode materials. The M-2 electrode with a 17.9% Ni(0) content realizes a high reversible capacity (633.7 mA h g-1 after 100 cycles at 0.2 A g-1) and exhibits outstanding rate capability (307.6 mA h g-1 after 250 cycles at 1 A g-1). This work can not only supply an approach to adjust the content of an element with specific valence state, but also provide an inspiration for the fabrication of porous metal/metal oxide anode materials in LIBs.Titanium carbide MXene (Ti3C2) has attracted significant research interest because of its extraordinary advantages as advanced electrode material for energy storage. In this work, we explored a facile strategy to construct Ti3C2-based hierarchical composite materials by surface modification using pseudocapacitive materials. The method involved the synthesis of the exfoliation of ultrathin Ti3C2 nanosheets, followed by one-pot in situ polymerization and surface decoration using polyaniline nanotubes (PANI-NTs).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/crenolanib-cp-868596.html  Herein, the self-aggregation of Ti3C2 layers had been effectively suppressed, resulting in an enhanced interlamellar spacing and enlarged ion contact area. Furthermore, the novel hierarchical structure of Ti3C2/PANI-NTs can facilitate the electrolyte ions diffusion, which also boosted more electrochemical active sites to become more accessible. In addition, the electrochemical test in the three-electrode system demonstrated that the specific capacitance of the Ti3C2/PANI-NTs-1 composite can be as high as 596.6F g-1 at 0.1 A g-1, remaining 94.7% retention of initial capacitance after 5000 cycles of charge/discharge. Moreover, the symmetric supercapacitor device based on Ti3C2/PANI-NTs-1 composite exhibited a maximum energy density of 25.6 Wh kg-1 (at 153.2 W kg-1) and an impressive power density of 1610.8 W kg-1 (at 13.2 Wh kg-1), as well as outstanding cycling stability (81.1% retention of the capacitance after 4000 cycles). These electrochemical measurements indicated that the performance of Ti3C2-based supercapacitors could be immensely improved by designing and constructing the hierarchical structure with abundant pseudocapacitive materials. Furthermore, this strategy could be extended to other MXenes composite materials as advanced electrodes by taking full advantage of their potentials for new symmetric supercapacitors.Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in adult serum often appears in early liver cancer. Therefore, early detection of an abnormal elevation of AFP concentration is important for the early diagnosis and treatment of primary liver cancer. In this work, a photoelectrochemical (PEC) electrode was fabricated for AFP-sensitive detection based on a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) honeycomb structure. After layer-by-layer bioconjugation, the immunoassay graphene electrode was modified with anti-AFP antibodies (Ab). Meanwhile, polymer nanoparticles (PFBT dots) were prepared via a nanoprecipitation method. In addition, the AFP was modified by using the PFBT dots and glucose oxidase (GOD), which formed a fluorescent probe (AFP-PFBT-GOD). By the competitive linkage of AFP and AFP-PFBT-GOD onto the anti-AFP modified honeycomb structure electrode, an immunosensor for AFP detection was obtained. During the PEC test, the electrons produced by the catalytic reaction of glucose and GOD can scavenge the photogenerated holes on the PFBT dots, which can reduce the recombination of photogenerated holes and electrons on the PFBT dots.