DNA-nanorobot-guided thrombin-inducing tumor infarction (DNA NanorobotTh-ITI) is emerging as a powerful therapeutic strategy for treatment of solid cancers. The technology represents a major advance in the application of DNA nanotechnology for anticancer therapy. More importantly, the technology is being translated from preclinical studies to the clinic owing to its promising anticancer effects with fewer toxicities demonstrated in preclinical settings. However, despite these beneficial effects of the technology, it is important to point out that some important potential clinical concerns remain to be addressed. Here, we raise these clinical concerns along with these beneficial effects of the technology. Hopefully, these newly raised potential clinical concerns could drive forward research in this field to expedite its clinical translation. Computational epitope-based vaccine design is the cornerstone of vaccine development. Owing to the selection of proper compositions [antigens (Ags), epitopes, peptide linkers, and intramolecular adjuvants], epitope-based vaccines are considered a cost- and time-effective approach resulting in the development of vaccines with maximal therapeutic efficacy and minimal adverse reactions. In this review, we provide insights into in silico epitope-based vaccine design and highlight vaccinology procedures used for the development of the next-generation vaccines with high effectiveness. BACKGROUND AND AIMS There are scant data describing the practice of canceling colonoscopies before colonoscope insertion for presumed inadequate bowel preparation (PIBP). We sought to better understand the ramifications of such cancellations and to characterize the nationwide practice of cancellations for PIBP. METHODS We determined the frequency of colonoscopies canceled for PIBP at our institution, assessing practice variation and whether patients who were canceled for PIBP completed colonoscopy or fecal immunohistochemical testing (FIT) within 6 months. We also surveyed gastroenterology program directors to determine whether canceling colonoscopies for PIBP is commonly permitted and if such cancellations are included in calculations of bowel preparation adequacy rates. RESULTS Three percent of patients were canceled for PIBP at our institution, with significant provider practice variability in cancellation rates. Only 67% of patients whose cases were canceled for PIBP completed colonoscopy or FIT within 6 months. The ability of an endoscopist to cancel a colonoscopy for PIBP was reported by 97% of survey respondents. Such cases are frequently not included in calculations of bowel preparation adequacy rates. CONCLUSIONS The ability to cancel colonoscopies for PIBP is near-ubiquitous, but such cases are not uniformly included in calculations of bowel preparation adequacy rates. Variation in provider practice, and resulting impact on patient care, suggests a need for standardized protocols. Colonoscopies canceled for PIBP should be included in calculations of bowel preparation adequacy rates. BACKGROUND AND AIMS Endoscopists are at risk of developing musculoskeletal injuries, and few receive training on ergonomics. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of a simulation-based ergonomics training curriculum (ETC) on work-related musculoskeletal injury risk during clinical colonoscopy. METHODS Novice endoscopists underwent a simulation-based ETC and were compared with a historical control group who received simulation-based training without ergonomics training. The ETC included a didactic lecture and video on ergonomics in colonoscopy, feedback from supervisors on ergonomics, and an ergonomics checklist to augment feedback and promote self-reflection. Participants were assessed using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). The primary outcome was participants' REBA scores during 2 clinical colonoscopies 4 to 6 weeks after training. RESULTS In clinical colonoscopy, the ETC group had superior REBA scores (Clinical procedure 1 median score [Md] =6 vs 11, p0.05). The control group had worsening REBA and RULA scores during the study timeline (REBA Md = 5,9,9, p less then 0.001; RULA Md=6,7,7, p=0.04) during simulated procedures. CONCLUSIONS A simulation-based ETC is associated with reduced risk of musculoskeletal injury during endoscopy. Although the REBA score was improved, the intervention group was still within the medium risk range. BACKGROUND AND AIMS Paneth cells (PCs) synthesize and secrete antimicrobial peptides that are key mediators of host-microbe interactions establishing a balance between intestinal microflora and enteric pathogens. We observed that their number increases in experimental portal hypertension and aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which these cells can contribute to the regulation of portal pressure. METHODS We first treated Math1Lox/LoxVillcreERT2mice with tamoxifen to induce the complete depletion of intestinal PCs. Subsequently, we performed partial portal vein or bile duct ligation. We then studied the effects of these interventions on hemodynamic parameters, proliferation of blood vessels and the expression of genes regulating angiogenesis. Intestinal organoids were cultured and exposed to different microbial-derived products to study the composition of their secreted products by proteomics and their effects on the proliferation and tube formation of endothelial cells (ECs). In vivo confocal laser endomicntestinal flora and microbial-derived factors positively regulate PCs to secrete not only antimicrobial peptides, but also pro-angiogenic signalling molecules, thereby promoting intestinal and mesenteric angiogenesis and regulating portal hypertension. V.Bovine babesiosis caused by Babesia species is an economically significant disease of cattle. Severe clinical babesiosis in cattle is caused by Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, and the recently discovered Babesia sp. Mymensingh. Mongolia is an agricultural country with a large cattle inventory. Although previous studies have detected active infections of B. bovis and B. bigemina in Mongolian cattle, only a few provinces were surveyed. Additionally, the endemicity of Babesia sp. Mymensingh in Mongolia remains unknown.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/colcemid.html  We screened blood DNA samples from 725 cattle reared in 16 of the 21 Mongolian provinces using B. bovis-, B. bigemina-, and Babesia. sp. Mymensingh-specific PCR assays. The overall positive rates of B. bovis, B. bigemina, and Babesia sp. Mymensingh were 27.9% (n = 202), 23.6% (n = 171), and 5.4% (n = 39), respectively. B. bovis and B. bigemina were detected in cattle in all surveyed provinces; whereas Babesia sp. Mymensingh was detected in 11 of the 16 surveyed provinces. On a per province basis, the B.