Chemotherapy knowledge is linked to managing side effects, reducing exposure to potential infection, and adjusting lifestyle behaviors while going through treatment. However, no research exists regarding the influence of patients' personal attributes on chemotherapy knowledge. Aim The aim of this study was to describe the relationships of health literacy and demographics on chemotherapy knowledge among women with breast cancer undergoing treatment. We used a descriptive, exploratory design with convenience sampling of women with breast cancer receiving intravenous chemotherapy who completed one mandatory education session. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire and three instruments 1) Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy - Short Form (REALM-SF); 2) Shortened Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFHLA); and 3) Leuven Questionnaire on Patient Knowledge of Chemotherapy (L-PaKC). We used univariate linear regression and ANOVA to identify how health literacy and demographics influenced chemotherapy knowledge. The REALM-SF (p=.022) and S-TOFHLA (p=.023) scores were significantly associated with chemotherapy knowledge. Chemotherapy knowledge scores were affected by marital status (p=.018) and income (p<.001) where married women had significantly higher chemotherapy knowledge scores (M=92.6, SD=6.6) than women who were divorced (M=83.3, SD=16.7) with a knowledge score difference of -9.3 between the groups (p=.02). Comparisons showed significant differences of chemotherapy knowledge between women with differing income levels. This study highlights the relevance of considering patients' health literacy and personal attributes such as marital status and income when teaching about chemotherapy. This study highlights the relevance of considering patients' health literacy and personal attributes such as marital status and income when teaching about chemotherapy.Nocardia brasiliensis is a gram-positive, branched, aerobic, acid-resistant, rod-shaped bacillus that inhabits in soil, rotten organic matter and waters. Cutaneous nocardiosis in immunocompetent individuals can manifest in three different forms actinomycetoma, superficial skin infection or lymphocutaneous infection. A case of an 85-year-old woman with an ulcerated lesion on the back of her left hand with erythematous papules in the lymphatic tract infected by N. brasiliensis is described. The microorganism was presumptively identified by conventional and inexpensive methods for a medium complexity laboratory at the species level. The morphological characteristics of colonies, the mold smell, a positive Kinyoun stain and the presence of aerial mycelium were the key tests to identify the genus. Species level identification was confirmed by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment was effective as this agent was active in the susceptibility testing. Penetration of intervertebral disc joint during lumbar puncture might be unnoticed during procedure. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/fluoxetine.html However, accelerated degeneration of the disc joint is a long-term consequence of inadvertent penetration. In this paper, we aimed to demonstrate and evaluate the risk of disc puncture during standard lumbar puncture. 50 human cadavers were used in this study. Disc puncture risk was assessed by using worst case scenario model. Lumbar puncture was performed in a standard fashion using midline route at L3-4, L4-5 and L5-S1 levels. The needle was advanced until it hit resistance from the bone. Lateral X-ray was used to visualize the needle position. Needle ended up in two possible locations - posterior vertebral body wall and intervertebral disc space. The probability of puncturing the joint was 20 % for L3-4, 38 % for L4-5, 16 % for L5-S1. Total probability of disc penetration was 25 %. Statistical analysis revealed significantly increased risk for performing LP at L4-5 level in comparison with L5-S1 (p = 0.023). Lumbar puncture carries significant risk of intervertebral disc penetration. This complication is not realized during the procedure and lead to accelerated joint degeneration. Lumbar puncture carries significant risk of intervertebral disc penetration. This complication is not realized during the procedure and lead to accelerated joint degeneration. The Syrian crisis, which started in March 2011, has resulted in the displacement of 6.3 million refugees predominantly to neighboring countries in addition to the internal displacement of 6.2 million people. Turkey is the country hosting the largest number of refugees in the world with 3.6 million Syrian refugees 46 % of which are under 18 years old. The purpose of this article is to conduct a narrative review and analyze the vulnerabilities of refugee children in Turkey from the lens of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), more specifically SDG Goal 3 Good Health and Wellbeing, with a specific focus on Syrian refugee children. Moreover, this article explores the actions taken to prevent and mitigate issues that arise from these vulnerabilities. This narrative review article collected data from various primary and secondary sources on the Turkish refugee framework including national and international legislation, governmental and non-governmental data and reports, and scientific papers. Syrian refucturing of the health system in Turkey contribute to the SDG number 3 for refugee children. The existence of a legal system which enables refugee access to health, protection, and other social services is key to achieve this goal. However, the existing system could be improved especially through solidifying the legal basis and centralizing the implementation for child and refugee protection. The engagement of all stakeholders to improve the health and wellbeing of refugee children remains vital. Most patients want their family involved in consultations and decisions, however some family caregivers report feeling overwhelmed and unsure of their role. As caregivers are increasingly looking to medical websites for guidance, this study aimed to review reputable web-resources available to inform family caregivers on how to be involved in medical consultations and decisions. Google searches were performed using lay search strings, to imitate how a cancer caregiver may locate information. Relevant webpages were included if they were directed at caregivers and from a reputable health organisation. Qualitative content analyses were performed on the included webpages. 22 webpages were included and 8 were directed at caregivers of cancer patients. Six key categories of information were identified preparing for consultations, helping during consultations, advocating for the patient, decision-making, communicating in hospital settings, and communicating with family and friends. A range of online resources were found to guide family caregivers, particularly cancer caregivers, on involvement in consultations.