The influence of age was greater on Sleep
  and Sleep
  than on the sMEQ or MEQ
  , indicating that the diurnal preference might be a more stable indicator for morningness-eveningness than the sleep-wake schedule. Analyses of the discrepancies between sMEQ and MEQ
  indicated that eveningness can be over-estimated when relying on only the single-item self-assessment.
 
  The current polygenic score for morningness explains only a small proportion of the variation in diurnal preference or habitual sleep-wake schedule. The molecular genetic basis for morningness-eveningness needs further elucidation.
 The current polygenic score for morningness explains only a small proportion of the variation in diurnal preference or habitual sleep-wake schedule. The molecular genetic basis for morningness-eveningness needs further elucidation.
  Few treatments are available for patients with idiopathic hypersomnia (IH). Modafinil, an established treatment for narcolepsy, was tested for efficacy and safety in Japanese patients with IH without long sleep time.
 
  This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparison study was conducted at 20 institutions in Japan. Patients who met the diagnostic criteria of IH in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (second edition) were included. The study comprised a ≥17-day observation period and a 3-week treatment period during which modafinil (200mg) or placebo was administered orally once daily (in the morning). The primary efficacy endpoint was change in mean sleep latency on the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT). Adverse events (AEs) were also recorded to evaluate safety.
 
  In total, 123 patients were screened and 71 were randomized to receive modafinil (N=34) or placebo (N=37). Patients treated with modafinil experienced a significantly prolonged mean sleep latency on the MWT at the end of the study compared with placebo (5.02min, 95% confidence interval 3.26-6.77min; p<0.001). AEs occurred in 58.8% (20/34) and 27.0% (10/37) of patients in the modafinil and placebo groups, respectively. Frequent AEs in the modafinil group were headache (n=6), dry mouth (n=3), and nausea (n=3); no clinically significant AEs occurred.
 
  Modafinil was shown to be an effective and safe treatment for excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with IH without long sleep time.
 
  JapicCTI; 142539.
 JapicCTI; 142539.This paper explores Intensive Care nurses' perceptions of benefits, rewards, supports and their commitment to the role of preceptor. A questionnaire, consisting of Likert-scales and open-ended questions was used to collect data during October 2018. Preceptors were committed to their role. Correlations were found between preceptors' perceptions of benefits or rewards and commitment to the role (p = 0.003, r2 = 0.39) and perceptions of support and commitment to the role (p = .001, r2 = 0.46). Altruistic benefits were perceived to be of the greatest importance. Participants who recognised the importance of preceptorship for the organisation were more likely to be committed to the role. Eighty-three percent of respondents reported a lack of consistency in allocation to work with their preceptee. Qualitative results elucidated themes of helping, personal professional development, the opportunity to teach, and organisational improvement. Supports as barriers and enablers to successful preceptorship were discussed in terms of peer and leadership support, role preparation, the logistics of the environment, role conflict, and consistency of allocation to work in a preceptorship dyad. Commitment to the preceptor role may be increased by highlighting organisational benefits of preceptorship, increasing consistency of contact between preceptorship dyads, and increasing access to supports and preparation.Sleep is a fundamental human physiological activity required for adequate working of the human body. Sleep disorders such as sleep movement disorders, nocturnal front lobe epilepsy, insomnia, and narcolepsy are caused due to low sleep quality.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/oxidopamine-hydrobromide.html  Insomnia is one such sleep disorder where a person has difficulty in getting quality sleep. There is no definitive test to identify insomnia; hence it is essential to develop an automated system to identify it accurately. A few automated methods have been proposed to identify insomnia using either polysomnogram (PSG) or electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to automatically detect insomnia using only electrocardiogram (ECG) signals without combining them with any other physiological signals. In the proposed study, an optimal antisymmetric biorthogonal wavelet filter bank (ABWFB) has been used, which is designed to minimize the joint duration-bandwidth localization (JDBL) of the underlying filters. The L1-norm feature is compud cross-validation corresponding to REM sleep stage.Despite its proven record as a breast cancer screening tool, mammography remains labor-intensive and has recognized limitations, including low sensitivity in women with dense breast tissue. In the last ten years, Neural Network advances have been applied to mammography to help radiologists increase their efficiency and accuracy. This survey aims to present, in an organized and structured manner, the current knowledge base of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in mammography. The survey first discusses traditional Computer Assisted Detection (CAD) and more recently developed CNN-based models for computer vision in mammography. It then presents and discusses the literature on available mammography training datasets. The survey then presents and discusses current literature on CNNs for four distinct mammography tasks (1) breast density classification, (2) breast asymmetry detection and classification, (3) calcification detection and classification, and (4) mass detection and classification, including presenting and comparing the reported quantitative results for each task and the pros and cons of the different CNN-based approaches. Then, it offers real-world applications of CNN CAD algorithms by discussing current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved models. Finally, this survey highlights the potential opportunities for future work in this field. The material presented and discussed in this survey could serve as a road map for developing CNN-based solutions to improve mammographic detection of breast cancer further.