CONCLUSION Education and early detection with proper management can prevent more severe complications so that the quality of life of patients can be maintained better. Copyright © 2019 Rina Amelia, Arlinda Sari Wahyuni, Yuki Yunanda.BACKGROUND Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a disease found in most tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including Indonesia. One of the problems of vector control programs is insecticides resistance to Aedes spp. AIM The objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of an alternative larvacide using papaya leaves (Carica papaya L). METHODS To obtain an ethanolic extract of C. papaya leaf (EECP), the dried of C. papaya leaf was macerated with ethanol 70%. Phytochemical compounds were screened qualitatively.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/oprozomib-onx-0912.html  Twenty-five larvae were entered into each cup that had been mixed with five concentrations of EECP i.e., EECPI (100-), EECPII (150-), EECPIII (200-), EECPIV (250), EECPV (300 ppm), 1% of Temephos (T), and water (A). Alkaloid carpain, saponin, flavonoid, tannin, glycosides and triterpenoid/steroid were traced in EECP. The mortality of larvae at 180, 360, 1440 and 2880 minutes were observed. The lethal concentration (LC50) and lethal time (LT50) were measured. Probit analysis was used to determine the concentration of killing larvae. RESULTS The mortality of larvae was found at 360 minutes only in EECPV. Then after 1440 minutes, all extracts shown the increasing of larvae mortality. LC50 and LT50 values were 215,96 ppm and 2,369 minutes of each. CONCLUSION EECP has larvicidal activity to Aedes spp. Copyright © 2019 Rizky Ilham, Aznan Lelo, Urip Harahap, Tri Widyawati, Lambok Siahaan.AIM Mobile phone has been used daily by almost everyone. This Research surveyed microbial contamination of mobile phones in the faculty of Medicine Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati and identify the most influential fungal microbial species. METHODS A group of 15 samples was analysed to identify fungal isolates. The mobile phones were swabbed firmly passing its touch screen using sterile swabs then inoculated into media for fungi. Frequency distribution of isolates was calculated. RESULTS There were fungal isolates as follows Aspergillus Orchareus, Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp., Cladosporium sp., Candida sp., Aspergillus Fumigatus, and Mucor sp. at the rate of 19, 6, 1, 3, 2, 10, 2, 52, 2%, respectively. CONCLUSION The research indicates that all mobile phones were considerably having microbial infection, mostly from humans' natural flora and also from the air and soil. This determines that it is necessary to sterilize hands prior to a contact with mobile phones since it could lead into disease transmission. Copyright © 2019 Amanah Amanah, Dadan Ramadhan Apriyanto, Hikmah Fitriani.BACKGROUND The high incidence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia to encourage researchers to continue to develop detection techniques are easy, inexpensive and minimally invasive. This study is expected to answer the challenge. Detection tool used in this research is the detection devices use traditional breath acetone levels of chitosan-based sensors. Acetone breath sensor works based on the chemical interaction between the breath of patients with diabetes and acetone sensor surface, which causes a change in the electrical response. AIM This study was cross-sectional using diabetes mellitus patients as research subjects by measuring breath acetone levels and HbA1c and KGD as a comparison. METHODS Research conducted at the primary health care facilities network services the University Hospital of North Sumatra. A total of 58 diabetic patients who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this study. The relationship between the measurements analysed using Pearson correlation test. RESULTS Measurements showed that statistically there is a great relationship between breath acetone levels with or KGD HbA1c levels in the diabetic patient with each R = 0.05 and p = 0.708 for the relationship acetone breath and HbA1c and R = 0.1 and p = 0.445 for the relationship acetone breath and KGD. However, clinically there is a linear relationship between increased levels consistent acetone in the breath with increased HbA1c levels as well as levels of KGD. CONCLUSION Examination of breath acetone levels can be considered as an indicator of diabetes detection. Copyright © 2019 Sake Juli Martina, Tulus Ikhsan Nasution, Isti Ilmiati Fujiati, Rica Asrosa, Pradeepa A.P. Govindan.BACKGROUND Various environmental factors have been suspected to be associated with the risk of developing Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC). Volatile nitrosamines found in salted fish are thought to be carcinogenic substances for NPC. Nitrosamines are activated by the CYP2E1 enzyme. Several studies investigated the relationship between polymorphism in the CYP2E1 gene and susceptibility to NPC, but the results obtained were inconsistent. AIM This study was conducted to analyze the association of the CYP2E1 rs2031920 polymorphisms with the incidence of NPC in the Minangkabau ethnic group. METHODS The subjects of this study were newly diagnosed NPC Minangkabau ethnic patients, while the controls were healthy people. A total of 23 cases of NPC and 23 aged (± 3 years) and sex-matched controls participated in the study. The method used to identify these polymorphisms is PCR sequencing. RESULTS On recent study we found CYP2E1 rs2031920 gene polymorphism in both the NPC and control groups, in the NPC group there were 8.7% heterozygote mutants while in the control group there were 26.1% heterozygote mutants, and there were no homozygote mutants in the two groups, and statistically none a significant relationship between CYP2E1 gene polymorphism and the incidence of NPC, with p > 0.05. CONCLUSION Our study reveals that there is no association of CYP2E1 gene polymorphism (rs2031920) with the incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the Minangkabau ethnic group. Copyright © 2019 Sukri Rahman, Eti Yerizel, Daan Khambri, Djong Hon Tjong.Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (cSCC) is a malignant keratinocyte tumour that develops through the suprabasal epidermis. This malignant tumour is the second most common skin malignancy after Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC). The increased incidence of cSCC is directly proportional to increasing age. Generally, the predisposing factor of cSCC is exposure to recurrent sunlight for a long time, so localisation of cSCC is a part of the body that often exposed to direct sunlight, such as the forehead, face, ears, scalp, neck, and back of the hand. The carcinogenesis process of cSCC is a cumulation of a series of events, one of which plays an important role is the proliferation index assessed by Ki-67. Forty-eight tissue paraffin blocks were diagnosed histopathologically as cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma from the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara and the Anatomical Pathology Unit of Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan, as the research sample. The results of protein expression from Ki-67 were assessed based on area.