The overall survival was 87.9%, 84.1%, and 84.1% at 1, 2, and 3years, respectively. However, 1 patient required endovascular extension for the dilatation of the descending thoracic aorta 4months after the initial surgery.
 
  Total aortic arch replacement with the frozen elephant trunk technique (zone 1-2) and Gelweave Lupiae graft was safe and effective in simplifying surgery for acute Stanford type A acute aortic dissection.
 Total aortic arch replacement with the frozen elephant trunk technique (zone 1-2) and Gelweave Lupiae graft was safe and effective in simplifying surgery for acute Stanford type A acute aortic dissection.
  The mouse is the most widely used animal for establishing invivo models in transplant research. However, because of the advanced microsurgical skills required for these operations, the vascularized composite transplantation model in mouse has proven to be technically challenging. The purpose of this report is to describe novel modifications in surgical techniques to establish a consistent and reliable mouse model of hind limb transplantation.
 
  Forty C57BL/6 male mice, half as donors and half as recipients, were used in this study. The donor hind limb was harvested and transplanted into the recipient's ipsilateral cervical region by anastomosing the donor femoral artery to the recipient common carotid artery with a modified sleeve technique. The donor femoral vein was mounted with a modified cuff and inserted into the recipient external jugular vein. The graft was evaluated at 2 weeks postoperatively.
 
  The modified cuff and modified sleeve technique facilitated anastomoses. The time spent on either of the donor operation and recipient operation was about 45 minutes. The graft survival rate was 80% (16 of 20) at 2 weeks after transplant. There was minimal blood loss and no infections were noted.
 
  Revised surgical techniques using a modified cuff proved to be a safe, reliable, and reproducible strategy in establishing a mouse model of hind limb heterotopic transplantation. The consistent graft survival in this syngeneic study demonstrates that this model can serve as a useful tool for further studies in vascularized composite transplantation.
 Revised surgical techniques using a modified cuff proved to be a safe, reliable, and reproducible strategy in establishing a mouse model of hind limb heterotopic transplantation.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ulonivirine.html  The consistent graft survival in this syngeneic study demonstrates that this model can serve as a useful tool for further studies in vascularized composite transplantation.
  Hepatitis C increases the mortality and morbidity of patients after heart transplant. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are the primary drugs for hepatitis C treatment. However, such drugs are expensive and frequently unaffordable for patients. In DAA treatment, the assessment of drug interaction is crucial.
 
  We investigated a retrospective case series study from January 2017 to December 2019. Sustained virologic response 12 (SVR12) was used to assess the effectiveness of DAA treatment. Data on patients' demographic information, timing of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (before or after heart transplant), HCV genotypes and viral loads, DAAs used (branded drugs or generic drugs), and drug interaction assessments were collected.
 
  Fifteen heart transplant patients received hepatitis C treatments during the study period, 11 of whom were infected because their donors had hepatitis C. After DAA treatment, HCV was undetectable in all patients, and 93.3% of them achieved SVR12. Nine patients used the generic sofosbuvir/velpatasvir, and 88.9% of them achieved SVR12. A total of 256 drugs were used with DAAs; 51 records of drug interactions were noted, 3 of which were contraindications, and the remaining records were potential interactions. Patients who used sofosbuvir or elbasvir/grazoprevir experienced fewer drug interactions.
 
  DAA treatment is effective for hepatitis C treatment in patients after heart transplant. Patients who cannot afford branded drugs because of their prices can use generic drugs as an alternative. Drug interactions must be surveyed during DAA treatment.
 DAA treatment is effective for hepatitis C treatment in patients after heart transplant. Patients who cannot afford branded drugs because of their prices can use generic drugs as an alternative. Drug interactions must be surveyed during DAA treatment.
  For many years, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) has been one of the most commonly used cognitive screening instruments in ambulatory care settings. Because the MoCA will no longer be in the free public domain by the end of 2020, it is important to consider cognitive screening tests that are comparable and free.
 
  We briefly review three cognitive screening instruments, the Saint Louis University Mental Status examination, the Short Test of Mental Status, and the Addenbrooke's cognitive examination, and compare these tests with the MoCA.
 
  The Addenbrooke's cognitive examination is a comprehensive cognitive examination that is too long for administration in primary care. The Short Test of Mental Status uses a 38-point scale, does not account for education, and is available only in English. The Saint Louis University Mental Status is an ideal candidate to replace the MoCA because similar to the MoCA, it is based on a 30-point scale and available in many languages. In addition to dementia, it has beenStatus with comparable public domain executive function tests. In summary, we believe the Saint Louis University Mental Status to be a suitable free alternative to the MoCA.The Notch receptors are a family of transmembrane proteins that mediate direct cell-cell interactions and control numerous cell-fate specifications in humans. The extracellular domains of mammalian Notch proteins contain 29-36 tandem epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats, most of which have O-linked glycan modifications O-glucose added by POGLUT1, O-fucose added by POFUT1 and elongated by Fringe enzymes, and O-GlcNAc added by EOGT. The extracellular domain is also N-glycosylated. Mutations in the glycosyltransferases modifying Notch have been identified in several diseases, including Dowling-Degos Disease (haploinsufficiency of POFUT1 or POGLUT1), a form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (autosomal recessive mutations in POGLUT1), Spondylocostal Dysostosis 3 (autosomal recessive mutations in LFNG), Adams-Oliver syndrome (autosomal recessive mutations in EOGT), and some cancers (amplification, gain or loss-of-function of POFUT1, Fringe enzymes, POGLUT1, MGAT3). Here we review the characteristics of these diseases and potential molecular mechanisms.