https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gdc-0068.html The intentional use of viruses for cancer therapy dates back over a century. As viruses are inherently immunogenic and naturally optimized delivery vehicles, repurposing viruses for drug delivery, tumor antigen presentation, or selective replication in cancer cells represents a simple and elegant approach to cancer treatment. While early virotherapy was fraught with harsh side effects and low response rates, virus-based therapies have recently seen a resurgence due to newfound abilities to engineer and tune oncolytic viruses, virus-like particles, and virus-mimicking nanoparticles for improved safety and efficacy. However, despite their great potential, very few virus-based therapies have made it through clinical trials. In this review, we present an overview of virus-inspired approaches for cancer therapy, discuss engineering strategies to enhance their mechanisms of action, and highlight their application for overcoming the challenges of traditional cancer therapies.Cell-free nucleic acids (cfNAs) such as short non-coding microRNA (miRNA) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) that reside in bodily fluids have emerged as potential cancer biomarkers. Methods for the rapid, highly specific, and sensitive monitoring of cfNAs in biofluids have, therefore, become increasingly attractive as clinical diagnosis tools. As a next generation technology, we provide a practical guide for an amplification-free, single molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET)-based kinetic fingerprinting approach termed intramolecular single molecule recognition through equilibrium Poisson sampling, or iSiMREPS, for the rapid detection and counting of miRNA and mutant ctDNA with virtually unlimited specificity and single molecule sensitivity. iSiMREPS utilizes a pair of fluorescent detection probes, wherein one probe immobilizes the target molecules on the surface, and the other probe transiently and reversibly binds to the target to gener