Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) has been used to help identify elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who were suitable for rituximab combined with CHOP therapy (cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisolone), but there are few reports of CGA for elderly patients with DLBCL who received R-mini-CHOP.
 
  We retrospectively analyzed the risk factors for outcomes among 142 patients aged 80years and older (≤ 85years, n = 102; > 85years, n = 40) with DLBCL who received R-mini-CHOP at 4-week intervals at our institute between 2008 and 2019. We performed a comparison between CGA and treatment outcomes.
 
  There were significant differences in progression-free survival between patients with international prognostic index (IPI) scores of > 3 and ≤ 3 at diagnosis and in overall survival between patients with instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scores of ≥ 5 and IADL < 5 before the initial treatment and patients aged ≤ 85years and > 85years.
 
  Strategies that carefully select elderly patients aged 80years and older with DLBCL using CGA may help to identify individuals suitable for novel therapies.
 Strategies that carefully select elderly patients aged 80 years and older with DLBCL using CGA may help to identify individuals suitable for novel therapies.
  Immunotherapy by checkpoint inhibitors, i.e., anti-programmed death-1(PD-1) or anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies, has gained more attention managing solid tumors. Pembrolizumab (an anti-PD-1 antibody) in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) was approved in 2017 by the US FDA.
 
  Pembrolizumab is not effective in microsatellite stable, mismatch-repair-proficient (MSS-pMMR) molecular phenotype, which comprises most CRC patients. In this report, we present the first case of metastatic CRC with a dramatic and durable response to pembrolizumab despite being of MSS-pMMR phenotype. A 34-year-old woman, presented seven years ago with T3N2bM0 colon cancer and an appendix carcinoid tumor. The last relapse with bilateral pulmonary metastases was refractory to all treatments. Although it seemed unresponsive to immunotherapy because of MSS molecular phenotype, due to the high expression level of PD-L1 (85%), we started treatment with pembrolizumab 200mg every three weeks and continued for the overall 19 coun the current clinical trials, MSS-pMMR colorectal cancer patients' deprivation from immunotherapy seems not to be reasonable. There are ongoing clinical trials on checkpoint inhibitors either alone or in combination with other drugs. However, immunostaining for PD-L1 should be considered as a possible response predictor. Immunotherapy either by cell-based approaches or by checkpoint inhibitors may revolutionize cancer treatment Pembrolizumab has been approved by the FDA in 2017 for colorectal cancer. However, MSS-pMMR molecular phenotype which comprises the majority of CRC patients, has not shown a good response to checkpoint inhibitors. We present a MSS-pMMR case with complete and durable response to pembrolizumab We suggest immunostaining for PD-L1 as a possible response predictor to checkpoint inhibitors.Person names, which hold within them extensive meaning, such as gender and cultural information, play an essential role in our social interaction. The intentional memory advantage of person names has been proved, but whether the automatic memory advantage of them exists remains unclear. In order to explore this question, we used a paradigm called attribute amnesia that allows us to test the automatic memory of person names in a working memory task.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/acy-775.html  In Experiment 1, we adopted a classic attribute amnesia paradigm including 11 pre-surprise trials requiring participants to report the location of the target (person names or animal names) among three distractors and one surprise trial requiring them to unexpectedly report the identity of the target. The results showed that the identity report accuracy of person names in the surprise test was significantly better than that of animal names that served as a control group. Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1 but increased the number of pre-surprise trials that could reduce the report accuracy of surprise test according to previous studies. The results revealed that the accuracy of the surprise test of person names decreased significantly, and showed no significant difference from that of animal names. These results suggest that there exists an automatic memory advantage of person names in working memory; however, such an automatic memory advantage effect could be reduced after participants learn to stop automatically encoding the attended but no-need-to-report person names through experiencing sufficient trials.The practice of sequentially testing a null hypothesis as data are collected until the null hypothesis is rejected is known as optional stopping. It is well known that optional stopping is problematic in the context of p value-based null hypothesis significance testing The false-positive rates quickly overcome the single test's significance level. However, the state of affairs under null hypothesis Bayesian testing, where p values are replaced by Bayes factors, has perhaps surprisingly been much less consensual. Rouder (2014) used simulations to defend the use of optional stopping under null hypothesis Bayesian testing. The idea behind these simulations is closely related to the idea of sampling from prior predictive distributions. Deng et al. (2016) and Hendriksen et al. (2020) have provided mathematical evidence to the effect that optional stopping under null hypothesis Bayesian testing does hold under some conditions. These papers are, however, exceedingly technical for most researchers in the applied social sciences. In this paper, we provide some mathematical derivations concerning Rouder's approximate simulation results for the two Bayesian hypothesis tests that he considered. The key idea is to consider the probability distribution of the Bayes factor, which is regarded as being a random variable across repeated sampling. This paper therefore offers an intuitive perspective to the literature and we believe it is a valid contribution towards understanding the practice of optional stopping in the context of Bayesian hypothesis testing.