Background The WHO Multimodal Hand Hygiene Improvement Strategy (MHHIS) has been proposed to improve the Hand Hygiene (HH) compliance of the WHO recommendations on HH.Therefore, the current study was planned in our neonatal unit with the objective of evaluating the effectiveness of a Hand Hygiene Promotional Program (HHPP) based on the WHO MHHIS, in terms of compliance and decontamination efficacy among the health-care workers (HCWs) in the unit. Objective The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the WHO MHHIS on HH compliance and decontamination efficacy. Methods The HHPP was carried out in our neonatal surgical intensive care unit from July to August 2013. A pre-intervention phase consisted of assessment of ward infrastructure, HH knowledge and perception, determination of HH compliance and collection of hand rinse samples from the HCWs before and after handwashing. Intervention phase consisted of changing traditional to elbow-operated taps, display of posters and reminders, placement of soaps in water draining trays, autoclaved single-use paper towels for hand drying, availability of hand rubs and training sessions for health-care providers. In the post-intervention phase, all the assessments and observations of pre-intervention phase were repeated. Results HHPP resulted in a significant increase in overall HH compliance from 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 23.9-29.3) to 65.3% (95% CI 62.4-68.2) (P less then 0.001) and reduction in load of microorganisms (P = 0.013). There was a significant improvement in HH knowledge (P less then 0.001), and perception surveys revealed high appreciation of each strategy component by the participants. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study about the effect of implementation of the WHO MHHIS from an Indian hospital. HHPP was found to be effective in terms of HH compliance and decontamination efficacy. Its implementation is highly recommended to promote HH in a developing country like India.Objective Commercially available antibiotic susceptibility tests (cAST) for colistin are reported to shows variable performance. The current controversy on the colistin susceptibility testing and scarce data from India has left the clinical laboratories in a dilemma on the appropriate and practical approach to tackle the colistin antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) issue. This study was aimed to evaluate the performance of commonly used cAST for colistin against broth microdilution (BMD) as the reference method in the clinical isolates. Materials and methods Colistin AST was performed on 225 nonduplicate isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii by BMD as the reference method and compared with Vitek-2, Micronaut-S and E-test. The accuracy of the various cASTs was analysed by assessing categorical and essential agreement (EA). Results We observed an overall categorical agreement of 98.2%, 99.6% and 96.4% and EA of 92%, 92.4% and 72% for Vitek-2, Micronaut-S and E-test, respectively. Unacceptable rates of major error (10.5%) and very major error (21%) were observed for P. aeruginosa with Vitek-2 and E-test, respectively. All the categorical errors (CEs) (7.7%) with Vitek-2 were seen for minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging within two-fold dilution breakpoint of 2 mg/L. Conclusion Micronaut-S was found to be an acceptable method for colistin AST.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/terephthalic-acid.html  In contrast, E-test was unreliable in terms of EA. Vitek-2 was found to be reliable for colistin AST, although it was more prone to CE near the colistin breakpoints.Staphylococcus aureus is of significant clinical concern in both community- and hospital-onset infections. The key to the success of S. aureus as a pathogen is its ability to swiftly develop antimicrobial resistance. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is not only resistant to nearly all beta-lactams but also demonstrates resistance to several classes of antibiotics. A high prevalence of MRSA is seen across worldwide. For many decades, vancomycin remained as gold standard antibiotic for the treatment of MRSA infections. In the past decades, linezolid, daptomycin, ceftaroline and telavancin received regulatory approval for the treatment of infections caused by resistant Gram-positive pathogens. Although these drugs may offer some advantages over vancomycin, they also have significant limitations. These includes vancomycin's slow bactericidal activity, poor lung penetration and nephrotxicity;linezolid therapy induced myelosuppression and high cost of daptomycin greatly limits their clinical use. Moreover, daptomycin also gets inactivated by lung naturally occurring surfactants. Thus, currently available therapeutic options are unable to provide safe and efficacious treatment for those patients suffering from hospital-acquired pneumonia, bloodstream infections (BSIs), bone and joint infections and diabetic foot infections (DFI). An unmet need also exists for a safe and efficacious oral option for switch-over convenience and community treatment. Herein, the review is intended to describe the supporting role of anti-staphylococcal antibiotics used in the management of S. aureus infections with a special reference to levonadifloxacin. Levonadifloxacin and its prodrug alalevonadifloxacin are novel benzoquinolizine subclass of quinolone with broad-spectrum of anti-MRSA activity. It has been recently approved for the treatment of complicated skin and soft-tissue infection as well as concurrent bacteraemia and DFI in India.An ongoing apocalyptic outbreak of a new virus causing pneumonia-like clusters in Wuhan city, China, has gleamed the world. The outbreak, confirmed on the New Year's Eve 2020, has known no boundaries since then. The number has surpassed that of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and is uninterruptedly escalating. Being an RNA virus, it has a propensity to mutate due to the low proofreading capacity of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Step-wise mutations have led to the gradual spillover of virus and after crossing the inter-species interface, the virus has adapted itself for a stable human-to-human transmission. The disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (CoV)-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can prove deadlier if the so-called 'super-spreading events' emerge with time. Recent research has shown the maximum homology of 99% of SARS-CoV-2 to pangolins associated coronavirus, owing to which these can serve as potential intermediate host. India is responding swiftly to the emergency situation, and the whole of the country is under lockdown since 25 March 2020, to ensure social distancing.