Airline passengers experience a range of symptoms when travelling on long flights. This review evaluated the efficacy of functional foods, beverages, and supplements claiming to address the effects of air travel for healthy adults. Products were identified in a scoping review of electronic databases, search engines, and grey literature (March to August 2019). A systematic review of the efficacy of product ingredients was conducted using five electronic databases from inception to February 2021. Articles were screened, data extracted, and assessed for risk of bias by two researchers independently. Meta-analysis was performed. Of the 3842 studies identified, 23 met selection criteria melatonin (n = 10), Pycnogenol (n = 4), various macronutrients (n = 2), caffeine (n = 2), Centella asiatica (n = 1), elderberry (n = 1), Echinacea (n = 1), fluid (n = 1), and Pinokinase (n = 1). Meta-analysis (random effects model) indicated melatonin reduced self-reported jetlag following eastbound (n = 5) and westbound (n = 4) flights standard mean difference -0.76 (95% CI = -1.06 to -0.45, I2 0%, p less then 0.00001) and -0.66 (95% CI = -1.07 to -0.26, I2 45%, p = 0.001), respectively. Pycnogenol also reduced edema scores (n = 3), standard mean -4.09 (95% CI = -6.44 to -1.74), I2 98%, p = 0.0006). Overall, 12 of 183 ingredients contained in 199 products had evidence to support claims.Guinea-Bissau suffers from political instability and an unusually high HIV/AIDS burden compared to other countries in the West Africa region. We conducted a systematic review on the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Guinea-Bissau during the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) period (2000-2015), which dovetailed with a period of chronic political instability in the country's history. We searched published works on the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Guinea-Bissau for references to chronic political instability. Six databases and the grey literature were searched, informed by expert opinion and manual research through reference tracing. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The search yielded 122 articles about HIV/AIDS in Guinea-Bissau during the MDG years. Biomedical, clinical, or epidemiological research predominated public health research production on HIV/AIDS in Guinea-Bissau in this period. Six articles addressing themes related to chronic political instability, including how political instability has affected the HIV/AIDS disease response, were identified. The results suggest the importance of considering a broader political epidemiology that accounts for socio-political aspects such as governance, human rights, and community responses into which any national HIV/AIDS response is integrated.In recent years, recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) has become a research hotspot in the field of urban construction because of its resource utilization of construction waste. However, compared with original concrete, its strength is still low, which requires additional nano-SiO2 (NS) and fiber. In order to study the mechanism of strength improvement of RAC, this paper takes NS and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber as variable parameters; uniaxial and triaxial compression tests were carried out on RAC with PVA fiber and NS, and the mechanical properties of RAC were investigated The result shows that within the range of 3% NS content, an increase in the NS substitution rate causes the mechanical properties of RAC to improve significantly. The compressive strength of RAC increases again after adding PVA fiber; through a SEM (scanning electron microscopy) analysis of the specimen, it was found that the NS filled the micro-pores and micro-cracks in the RAC, and the PVA fiber changed the contact range between recycled aggregate and mortar, so the microstructure of the material was more compact.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/oxidopamine-hydrobromide.html  The mechanism of RAC strength improvement is explained in the microcosmic view.Finite-time isothermal processes are ubiquitous in quantum-heat-engine cycles, yet complicated due to the coexistence of the changing Hamiltonian and the interaction with the thermal bath. Such complexity prevents classical thermodynamic measurements of a performed work. In this paper, the isothermal process is decomposed into piecewise adiabatic and isochoric processes to measure the performed work as the internal energy change in adiabatic processes. The piecewise control scheme allows the direct simulation of the whole process on a universal quantum computer, which provides a new experimental platform to study quantum thermodynamics. We implement the simulation on ibmqx2 to show the 1/τ scaling of the extra work in finite-time isothermal processes.This work is concerned with the semi-mechanistic prediction of residence time metrics using historical data from mono-component twin screw wet granulation processes. From the data, several key parameters such as powder throughput rate, shafts rotation speed, liquid binder feed ratio, number of kneading elements in the shafts and the stagger angle between the kneading elements were identified and physical factors were developed to translate those varying parameters into expressions affecting the key intermediate phenomena in the equipment, holdup, flow and mixing. The developed relations were then tested across datasets to evaluate the performance of the model, applying a k-fold optimization technique. The semi-mechanistic predictions were evaluated both qualitatively through the main effects plots and quantitatively through the parity plots and correlations between the tuning constants across datasets. The root mean square error (RMSE) was used as a metric to compare the degree of goodness of fit for different datasets using the developed semi-mechanistic relations. In summary this paper presents a new approach at estimating both the residence time metrics in twin screw wet granulation, mean residence time (MRT) and variance through semi-mechanistic relations, the validity of which have been tested for different datasets.
  Analyzing fusion gene transcripts may yield an effective approach for selecting cancer treatments. However, few comprehensive analyses of fusions in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have been performed.
 
  We enrolled 54 patients with NSCLC, and performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). STAR (Spliced Transcripts Alignment to a Reference)-Fusion was used to identify fusions.
 
  Of the 218 fusions discovered, 24 had been reported and the rest were novel. Three fusions had the highest occurrence rates. After integrating our gene expression and fusion data, we found that samples harboring fusions containing 
  , 
  , 
  , and 
  also exhibited increased expression of these genes. We then searched for mutations and fusions in cancer driver genes in each sample and found that nine patients carried both mutations and fusions in cancer driver genes. Furthermore, we found a trend for mutual exclusivity between gene fusions and mutations in the same gene, with the exception of 
  , and we found that 
  mutations are associated with the number of fusion genes.