Taken together, our results suggest that SOD1-mediated inhibitory responses play a crucial role in limiting the development of DSS-induced colitis, and that BA SOD is a promising candidate for treating colitis.Genetic variations are important drivers of carcinogenesis. It is extremely important to identify molecular distinctions between patients of the same disease for effective cancer treatment. This study aims to understand cellular and molecular differences between hepatocellular carcinoma patients carrying TP53 or CTNNB1 mutations, which could possess clinical significance. For this purpose, DNA sequencing and mRNA expression data for hepatocellular carcinoma patients were analyzed. Differentially expressed genes and the cellular processes that they are involved in were determined for TP53/CTNNB1-altered patient groups. We found that the mutations of TP53/CTNNB1 genes in the patient cohort was almost mutually exclusive and gene expression profiling in these subgroups were unique. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes identified several important cellular processes. In line with this, selected histone variants, histone chaperons, as well as the binding partners of TP53/CTNNB1 showed distinct enrichment levels. TP53/CTNNB1-altered patient groups laso showed different prognostic outcomes and tumor infiltration levels. In conclusion, our results strongly imply differential chromatin states and transcriptional regulation in relation to the mutational status of TP53 vs. CTNNB1, suggesting that these genes might be inducing different cellular pathways involving distinct chromatin environments during the course of carcinogenesis.Alcohol misuse is a risk factor for many adverse health outcomes. Alcohol misuse has been associated with an imbalance of gut microbiota in preclinical models and alcoholic diseases. We hypothesized that daily alcohol use would change the community composition and structure of the human colonic gut microbiota.  https://www.selleckchem.com/  Thirty-four polyp-free individuals donated 97 snap-frozen colonic biopsies. Microbial DNA was sequenced for the 16S ribosomal RNA gene hypervariable region 4. The SILVA database was used for operational taxonomic unit classification. Alcohol use was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. We compared the biodiversity and relative abundance of the taxa among never drinkers (ND, n = 9), former drinkers (FD, n = 10), current light drinkers (LD, less then 2 drinks daily, n = 9), and current heavy drinkers (HD, ≥2 drinks daily, n = 6). False discovery rate-adjusted P values (q values)  less then  .05 indicated statistical significance. HD had the lowest α diversity (Shannon index q value less then 0.001), and HD's microbial composition differed the most from the other groups (P value = .002). LD had the highest relative abundance of Akkermansia (q values less then 0.001). HD had the lowest relative abundance of Subdoligranulum, Roseburia, and Lachnospiraceaeunc91005 but the highest relative abundance of Lachnospiraceaeunc8895 (all q values less then 0.05). The multivariable negative binomial regression model supported these observations. ND and FD had a similar microbial profile. Heavy alcohol use was associated with impaired gut microbiota that may partially mediate its effect on health outcomes.Multi-modal medical imaging has emerged as a general trend in clinical diagnosis and treatment planning. In recent years, great efforts have been made to investigate and develop dual-modality scanners, among which PET/CT is the most widespread one in clinical practice. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective PET/CT data visualization method that can integrate these two modalities into composite data for better observation. The proposed method consists of three main steps. First, a PET data colorization approach is presented based on a dual-threshold scheme, which applies a pair of high and low thresholds to colorize the PET image. Then, to extract functional information from the PET image more adequately, unlike traditional blending fashion that directly uses the CT image as underlay, we merge the CT and the PET images with a Laplacian pyramid (LP)-based image fusion approach to generate the underlay. Finally, the visualization result is obtained by blending the fused image and the colorized PET image. Experiments are conducted on 5 sets of PET/CT scans that contain 200 paired slices in total. The ClearCanvas software and the method using the presented PET colorization approach but with the CT image as underlay are adopted for comparison. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve more promising performance in terms of both visual perception and quantitative assessment. The code of the proposed method has been made available online athttps//github.com/yuliu316316/Visualization.
  The National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines recommend re-challenge with the first-line treatment for relapsed small cell lung cancer (SCLC) with chemotherapy-free interval (CTFI)≥180 days. A phase II study (NCT02454972) showed remarkable antitumor activity in SCLC patients treated with lurbinectedin 3.2 mg/m
  1 -h intravenous infusion every 3 weeks as second-line therapy. We report results for the pre-planned subset of patients with CTFI ≥ 180 days.
 
  Twenty patients aged ≥18 years with pathologically proven SCLC diagnosis, pretreated with only one prior platinum-containing line, no CNS metastases, and with CTFI ≥ 180 days were evaluated. The primary efficacy endpoint was the overall response rate (ORR) assessed by the Investigators according to RECIST v1.1.
 
  ORR was 60.0 % (95 %CI, 36.1-86.9), with a median duration of response of 5.5 months (95 %CI, 2.9-11.2) and disease control rate of 95.0 % (95 %CI, 75.1-99.9). Median progression-free survival was 4.6 months (95 %CI, 2.6-7.3). With a censori rather than platinum re-challenge.
  Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are standard treatment for EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC); however, a biomarker to predict their efficacy has not been established. Although human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) aberrations constitute a potential mechanism for acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs, the impact of HER2 on EGFR-TKI treatment outcomes has not been systematically evaluated. In this post-hoc subgroup study, we examined the impact of HER2 on the effect of EGFR-TKIs in patients with NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations.
 
  Of 1126 patients with NSCLC enrolled into a prospective cohort study (HER2-CS study), we analyzed data of 356 (32 %) patients with EGFR-mutant tumors. HER2 protein expression levels were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with the gastric cancer criteria. Patients were divided either to an HER2-P group (HER2-IHC2+/3+) or an HER2-N group (HER2-IHC0/1+). We primarily assessed differences in the time-to-treatment failure (TTF) of EGFR-TKI between the groups.