https://www.selleckchem.com/products/phycocyanobilin.html TLR4 RAGE mice were not protected against CS-induced neutrophilia but were partially protected against CS-induced mediator release and AHR. Current smoking was associated with significantly lower AGER and TLR4 expression irrespective of COPD status, possibly reflecting negative feedback regulation. However, consistent with preclinical findings, AGER expression correlated with higher sputum neutrophil counts and more severe AHR in COPD patients. TLR4 expression did not correlate with neutrophilic inflammation or AHR. Inhibition of RAGE but not TLR4 signalling may protect against airway neutrophilia and AHR in COPD. Inhibition of RAGE but not TLR4 signalling may protect against airway neutrophilia and AHR in COPD. Sociodemographic, cultural and environmental factors play significant roles in orofacial trauma. The main aim of the present work was to study the epidemiological data regarding temporomandibular trauma, in the orofacial trauma context. Secondly, follow-up data between injury and sequelae were assessed, in the medico-legal approach for this disability. An observational, cross-sectional study, from 2000 to 2017, was performed, using the clinical reports of the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences Institute of Portugal-Coimbra Central Branch. A descriptive analysis was performed. The injury group, 8.9% of the analysed population (2622 reports), included a majority of men (60.7%) with a mean age of 33.9years. They were mainly students or retired (38.9%) and reported physical violence as the main external cause (56.4%) and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) trauma occurred with dental and facial trauma (84.2%). The sequela group, 2.9% of the analysed population, included a majority of men (65.6%) with a mean age of 40.1years, focusing on a professional active population. They reported physical violence as the main external cause (46.3%) and TMJ (13.2%), soft tissues and teeth (12.8%) sequ