4 g of cellulose, 40.04 g of hemicellulose, and 26.38 g of lignin. It was found that the highest amount of TRS (36.50 g/L) was obtained with a urea concentration of 2% at 50 °C using a particle size of 0.5 mm. The production of TRS was significantly higher for pretreated biomass than that for raw corn residues, confirming the importance of both mechanical and chemical pretreatments to reach better delignification results.(La1-x Dy x )2/3Ca1/3MnO3 samples with the perovskite structure were prepared by the sol-gel method, and the R-T curves of the samples in 0-3000 Gs magnetic field during warming and cooling processes were compared. It is found that the transition temperature (T c) of the samples decreases and peak resistance (R P) of the samples increases with the increase of Dy concentration in the same magnetic field. In addition, for the samples with the same Dy concentration, T c of the samples increases and magnetoresistance (MR) of the samples decreases with the increase of the magnetic field, and the increase of T c as well as the decrease of resistance is more obvious during the cooling process than those during the warming one. Besides, the variation of MR during the cooling process is also larger than that during the warming one.The effect of cosolvent on trace free water in the determination of the contamination degree of jet fuel was investigated. The interference of trace free water on the automatic particle counter can be eliminated by adding isopropanol as a cosolvent to the measured oil sample. Isopropanol can dissolve trace free water in oil. Addition of isopropanol could stabilize the pollution grade of particles with size ≥30 μm (c) at the same level, which is most obviously affected by free water without isopropanol. The standard uncertainty u(X 1) is slightly reduced with the addition of isopropanol, and the repeatability and accuracy of the automatic particle counting method are obviously improved.  https://www.selleckchem.com/pharmacological_epigenetics.html  The results show that isopropanol should be added as a cosolvent to eliminate the interference of free water when the contamination degree of jet fuel oil samples with obvious free water is determined by the automatic particle counting method.Uranium is a strategic element and plays an important role in energy resources. A H2O-HNO3-UO2(NO3)2-TBP (tri-n-butyl phosphate)-diluent system is commonly used for uranium separation and purification in liquid-liquid extraction. Uranyl nitrate is promoted by the existence of nitrate at low HNO3 concentrations but is inhibited at high HNO3 concentrations. Considering the competitive extraction between HNO3 and UO2(NO3)2, a generic extraction model is developed. The activities of components in the aqueous phase were estimated using Pitzer models. The thermodynamic equilibrium constants and Pitzer parameters were regressed by experimental data. The resulting model was able to successfully predict uranyl nitrate, nitric acid, and water extraction over a large range of conditions (U, 0-1.8 mol/L; HNO3, 0-10 mol/L; TBP, 5-100 vol %) within average absolute relative deviations of 11.2, 15.7, and 23.8%, respectively. The predicted results show that water and nitric acid were extracted as di-solvates HNO3·(TBP)2·H2O and (TBP)2·2H2O at low nitric acid concentrations, with the formation of mono-solvates HNO3·TBP and HNO3·TBP·H2O as the acid concentration increased. Uranyl nitrate was shown to be rejected from the organic phase as the formation of HNO3·TBP and HNO3·TBP·H2O in acid was extracted at high acid concentrations.Efforts to enhance the transformative potential of biofuels is an important step to achieving an environment-friendly and sustainable energy source. Fremyella diplosiphon is an ideal third-generation biofuel agent due to its ability to produce lipids and desirable essential fatty acids. In this study, the impact of Nanofer 25s nanoscale zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVIs) on total lipid content and fatty acid composition of F. diplosiphon strains SF33 and B481 was investigated. We observed significant increases (P less then 0.05) in the growth of F. diplosiphon treated with 0.2-1.6 mg L-1 Nanofer 25s, indicating that trace concentrations of nZVIs were not toxic to the organism. Chlorophyll a, carotenoids, and phycobiliprotein levels were not altered in F. diplosiphon treated with nZVIs ranging from 0.4 to 1.6 mg L-1, confirming that these concentrations did not negatively impact photosynthetic efficacy. In addition, Nanofer 25s ranging from 0.2 to 1.6 mg L-1 had an optimal impact on SF33 and B481 total lipid content. We identified significant increases in unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) from F. diplosiphon Nanofer 25s-treated transesterified lipids. Theoretical chemical and physical biofuel properties revealed a product with elevated cetane number and oxidative stability for both strains. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy validated the localization of nZVIs. Our findings indicate that Nanofer 25s nZVIs significantly enhance F. diplosiphon total lipid content and essential FAMEs, thus offering a promising approach to augment the potential of the cyanobacterium as a large-scale biofuel agent.This study presents a quick, low-cost, and easy technique for the detection of norovirus in several food samples, including cucumber, lettuce, and chicken. The developed sandwich immunoassay method depends on employing nanotechnology for the detection step. Lactoferrin immobilized on activated Q-tips cotton swabs was used as a general capturing reagent to bind viruses from the sample surface. The cotton swabs were then submerged in a gold nanoparticle solution, which had previously decorated with a specific antibody for noroviruses. Positive samples retained the red color of the gold nanoparticles on the surface of Q-tips, even after washing, while the negative control samples easily lost their color through washing. The results confirmed that the developed assay has superior sensitivity and selectivity with a LOD between 10 and 53 pfu/mL for all tested samples. In light of the difficulty, complexity, and high cost of the methods recently used for detecting viruses in food samples, this method presents a promising reliable technique that can be employed for the rapid detection of norovirus in food samples with an acceptable accuracy.