Statement of problem Crown-lengthening procedures (CLPs) and orthodontic eruption procedures (OEPs) improve the biomechanical properties of residual root restoration. However, their use is limited by clinic time, cost, and crown-root ratio. An inner shoulder retention form (ISRF) overcomes these limits; however, whether ISRF meets the biomechanical requirements is unclear. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro and finite element analysis (FEA) study was to evaluate the effects of 3 residual root treatments (ISRF, CLP, and OEP) on premolar fracture resistance and stress distribution after post-and-core restoration. Material and methods Thirty-two extracted mandibular second premolars were screened and randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8) a 2-mm ferrule restoration group (NPR2; control group) and 3 experimental groups (0.5×0.5-mm ISRF [ISRF0.5], 2-mm CLP [CLP2], and 2-mm OEP [OEP2]). After removal of the crown, endodontic treatment, and embedding and restoration, the specimens were loaded on a universal tester (ement information.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/rk-701.html  Conclusions Teeth with crown dentin ferrules showed higher fracture resistance and lower stress concentration. For residual roots, ISRF and OEP showed no differences, but CLP had lower fracture resistance and higher stress concentration.The COVID-19 pandemic has kicked off a global race to launch clinical trials of experimental vaccines and treatments for the coronavirus. Worldwide, as resources are directed toward accelerating the research into unravelling the mechanism of COVID-19 pathophysiology, concerns have been raised regarding the future of clinical research in United Kingdom and elsewhere during the current pandemic. However, the real immediate impact of these restrictions due to lock-down is most acutely felt by scientists working on non-COVID-19 biomedical research bench and clinical researchers whose drug trials have to be delayed, suspended or ceased. Here, we highlight our views from "ground zero" as we represent those whose work are deeply affected by the restrictions. We draw attention to some of the practical realities and emotions experienced in the laboratory. In addition, we also highlight the difficulties for policy makers to maintain equanimity in prioritizing their decisions cross the different fields of science.Background Service users with severe mental illness (SMI) are at increased risk of physical health co-morbidity such as musculoskeletal pain, neurological impairment, obesity and COPD; many of which require input from physiotherapists. Physiotherapists play a pivotal role in treatment of those with SMI but are reported to lack skills and confidence with this patient group. Furthermore, disparities in accessing healthcare are evidenced for those with SMI. Purpose This study explored experiences of physiotherapeutic care for those with co-morbid physical and mental health complaints to identify barriers and facilitators to care. Methods A qualitative study using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis was undertaken. Semi-structured interviews were completed with service users (n=8) with longstanding physiotherapeutic and psychiatric complaints. Focus groups were completed with physiotherapists working in mental health. Verbatim transcripts of interviews were analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis to obtain in depth insight into participant experiences. Study quality was enhanced through use of methodological and investigator triangulation, negative case analysis, reflexivity and secondary coding. Analysis Data was analysed systematically following the structure individual case analysis, emergence of themes, cross case analysis, validation of themes and ideas. Results This analysis produced five master themes Communication [1], holistic care [2], benefit of physiotherapy [3], healthcare politics and service interaction [4], patient activation [5]. Results identified current service provision did not always meet the complexities of service user needs. Conclusion and implications Improved physiotherapist awareness of mental health and how to communicate and treat this population was identified. The importance of better integration between services was also highlighted. A positive experience of physiotherapy is vital for patient activation and engagement with physiotherapy.The authors describe the first case of simultaneous liver and kidney transplantation (SLK) in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patient with severe hemophilia in Japan, and it could be second case in the world. The patient was a 61-year-old Japanese man with HCV cirrhosis complicated with HIV coinfection through contaminated blood product for hemophilia B at age 1 year. The patient's liver disease was classified as Child-Pugh C, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score 38. He had been on hemodialysis for 6 years, but HIV RNA and HCV RNA had been undetectable after appropriate antiviral therapies. In September 2019, the patient underwent successful deceased donor (DD) SLK. The donor was a man in his 60s deceased due to cerebral hemorrhage. Regular DD liver transplantation was performed using the piggyback technique with a full-sized liver graft. Cold ischemia time was 566 min, and the graft liver weighed 1154 g. The graft kidney was transplanted extraperitoneally in the right iliac fossa. The administration of clotting factor IX was discontinued on day 3. The immunosuppressive regimen was based on intravenous induction with 2 mg/kg of basiliximab and 1 g methylprednisolone and subsequent oral administration of mycophenolate mofetil and prednisolone, followed by low-dose tacrolimus after 1 week for kidney-sparing purpose. Steroid therapy was gradually discontinued at 3 months after SLK. The same pretransplantation antiretroviral therapy (ART; tenofovir and dolutegravir) was introduced after 3 days when the CD4 cell count was more than 300/μL and HIV RNA was within an undetectable range. The postoperative course was uneventful without infectious complication, and the patient was transferred to a referral hospital on day 90 and discharged home on day 111. Strategic surgical planning and meticulous pre- and post-transplant management of ART and clotting factors could lead to the success of SLK.