Ectomycorrhizas play a fundamental role in the function of forest ecosystems, being essential for plant nutrition absorption and soil quality. Many afforestation and reforestation programmes have begun to recover and maintain coastal forests in China, using pine species including Pinus thunbergii. We investigated the ectomycorrhizal colonization status of P. thunbergii in coastal pine forests of the Yellow Sea of China. We identified a total of 53 ectomycorrhizal fungal species in 74 soil samples collected from three sites and found that Thelephoraceae (10 spp.) and Russulaceae (8 spp.) were the most species-rich ectomycorrhizal fungal lineages. Russula sp. 1 was the most abundant species, accounting for 15.3% of the total ectomycorrhizal tips identified. Most of the remaining species were rare. At this small scale, host identity had no significant effect on the ectomycorrhizal fungal community composition (A = 0.036, P = 0.258), but sampling sites did (A = 0.135, P = 0.041). In addition, Na+ and K+ content and soil pH had significant effects on the ectomycorrhizal fungal community. The ectomycorrhizal fungal community associated with different host plants will become an important new direction for research, as ectomycorrhiza may have the potential to improve host capacity to establish in salt-stressed environments. This will provide a theoretical basis and technical support for saline soil reforestation and rehabilitation using pine species with compatible, native ectomycorrhizal fungi in Yellow Sea coastal areas.Crude oil extracted from oilfield reservoirs brings together hypersaline produced water. Failure in pipelines transporting this mixture causes contamination of the soil with oil and hypersaline water. Soil salinization is harmful to biological populations, impairing the biodegradation of contaminants. We simulated the contamination of a soil from an oilfield with produced water containing different concentrations of NaCl and crude oil, in order to evaluate the effect of salinity and hydrocarbon concentration on prokaryote community structure and biodegradation activity. Microcosms were incubated in CO2-measuring respirometer. After the incubation, residual aliphatic hydrocarbons were quantified and were performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing. An increase in CO2 emission and hydrocarbon biodegradation was observed with increasing oil concentration up to 100 g kg-1. Alpha diversity decreased in oil-contaminated soils with an increase in the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and reduction of Bacteroidetes with increasing oil concentration. In the NaCl-contaminated soils, alpha diversity, CO2 emission, and hydrocarbon biodegradation decreased with increasing NaCl concentration. There was an increase in the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and a reduction of Actinobacteria with increasing salt concentration. Our results highlight the need to adopt specific bioremediation strategies in soils impacted by mixtures of crude oil and hypersaline produced water.Ovarian cancer is a predominant gynecologic malignancy and correlated with high mortality and severe morbidity. Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in various processes during the progression of ovarian cancer, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion. However, the function of exosomal miR-21-5p in ovarian cancer is still unknown. Here, we found that miR-21-5p was upregulated in ovarian cancer tissues, plasma exosomes of ovarian cancer patients, and exosomes from ovarian cancer cells. MiR-21-5p was incorporated in the exosomes from the ovarian cancer cells. In addition, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (Edu), a marker of cancer cell proliferation, was enhanced by miR-21-5p mimic while reduced by miR-21-5p inhibitor in ovarian cancer cells. MiR-21-5p mimic could increase, but miR-21-5p inhibitor could decrease the migration and invasion of cancer cells. Ovarian cancer cell apoptosis was induced by miR-21-5p inhibitor. Moreover, miR-21-5p inhibitor could up-regulate the expression of pro-apoptotic cleaved caspase3 and Bax while downregulate the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl2 in the cells. Exosomal miR-21-5p inhibited the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) by targeting its 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) at both the mRNA and protein levels. Tumorigenicity analysis in nude mice revealed that exosomal miR-21-5p could increase tumor volume, size, and weight of ovarian cancer in vivo. Besides, miR-21-5p targeted CDK6 in tumor tissues of nude mice. In conclusion, exosomal miR-21-5p contributes to the progression of ovarian cancer by regulating CDK6. Our findings will provide novel insights into the mechanism of exosomal miR-21-5p in the development of ovarian cancer. Exosomal miR-21-5p may serve as a potential target for the therapy of ovarian cancer.The recommended maintenance dose of prasugrel for East Asian populations (i.e., Japanese and Taiwanese) is 3.75 mg as part of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for the prevention of recurrent ischemia and stent thrombosis in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This modified dosage regimen has been established in studies conducted in Japan; however, the efficacy and safety of switching from clopidogrel to prasugrel DAPT among Taiwanese patients remain to be explored.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Nolvadex.html  In this phase IV, multicenter, single-arm, open-label study, we evaluated the 4-week pharmacodynamic response, and the 48-week safety outcomes of prasugrel 3.75 mg after a switch from clopidogrel in Taiwanese ACS patients. A total of 203 prasugrel-naïve ACS patients (over 90% male) who had received post-PCI clopidogrel DAPT for at least 2 weeks were enrolled from ten medical centers in Taiwan and subsequently switched to prasugrel 3.75 mg DAPT. Four weeks after the switch, P2Y12 reaction unit (PRU) values were significantly decreased in the total cohort (mean - 18.2 ± 48.1; 95% confidence interval - 24.9 to - 11.5, p  208) dropped from 23.5 to 10% (p  less then  0.001). Female sex was associated with a greater PRU reduction with prasugrel, whereas HPR at baseline, age ≥ 65 years, and body mass index ≥ 25 best predicted HPR at Week 4. Throughout the 48-week treatment with prasugrel, the incidences of MACE (1.0%) and TIMI major bleeding (2.0%) were rather low, accompanying an acceptable safety profile of TIMI minor (6.4%) and non-major, non-minor clinically relevant bleeding (3.0%). Overall, switching to the maintenance dose of prasugrel (3.75 mg) was observed to be effective and well tolerated among post-PCI ACS patients in Taiwan. Clinical Trial Registration Number NCT03672097.