ral reconstruction. In addition, low recurrence rates and good functional outcomes were seen in >90% of the patients, and 98% returned to sport activity. https://www.selleckchem.com/erk.html The athletes had a significantly higher rate of return to sport if their posterior shoulder instability had a clear traumatic origin. 90% of the patients, and 98% returned to sport activity. The athletes had a significantly higher rate of return to sport if their posterior shoulder instability had a clear traumatic origin. The anterolateral ligament (ALL) contributes to anterolateral rotational stability of the knee. Internal bracing of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and ALL reinforces the ligaments and encourages natural healing by protecting both during the healing phase and supporting early mobilization. To assess the 2-year patient-reported outcomes of combined ACL repair and ALL internal brace augmentation. We hypothesized that significant improvements in outcomes would be seen. Case series; Level of evidence, 4. A total of 43 consecutive patients with acute proximal ACL ruptures were prospectively evaluated for a minimum of 2 years. The mean age at the time of surgery was 25.7 years (range, 13-56 years). Indications for the combined ACL/ALL procedure were associated Segond fractures, grade 3 pivot shift, or high levels of sporting activity. Patients with chronic ruptures or with multiligament injuries were excluded. The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Western Ontario and McMaster Univers-year follow-up ( < .0001 for both ). However, the Marx activity score decreased from 13.3 preinjury to 10.6 at the 2-year follow-up ( = .01). Two patients (5.3%) sustained a rerupture. Combined ACL repair and ALL internal brace augmentation demonstrated excellent outcomes in 94.7% of the study patients. Based on our experience with this cohort as well as our isolated ACL repair data, we suggest that high-risk patients with ACL ruptures have an additional ALL procedure to provide rotational stability. Combined ACL repair and ALL internal brace augmentation demonstrated excellent outcomes in 94.7% of the study patients. Based on our experience with this cohort as well as our isolated ACL repair data, we suggest that high-risk patients with ACL ruptures have an additional ALL procedure to provide rotational stability. Abnormalities in hip rotational motion (HRM) are risk factors for throwing injuries. To evaluate hip rotational motion, it is necessary to assess the torsion angle. However, no studies have investigated the femoral torsion angle (FTA) in baseball players. To investigate differences in hip FTA of adult baseball players through use of ultrasonography to evaluate the relationship between the FTA and HRM. Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. A total of 149 elite male baseball players (mean age, 20.0 ± 1.8 years; 64 pitchers, 85 position players) were enrolled in this study. Ultrasonographic assessment of FTA was performed based on the tilting angles of the anterior surface of the femoral neck and condylar axis. The hip internal rotation (HIR) and hip external rotation (HER) were assessed at 0° and 90° of flexion. Data related to FTA and HRM were compared between hips and between pitchers and position players. No significant difference was observed in the FTAs between hips for any player (lead hiere not different between the hips of elite baseball players. Abnormalities of the HRM are not caused by differences in the FTA but rather involve soft tissue tightness around the hip area or other bony morphologic factors in the hip joint. The stabilization of the femoral head is provided by the distal acetabulum when the hip is in a flexed position. However, the osseous parameters for the diagnosis of hip instability in flexion are not defined. To determine whether the osseous parameters of the distal acetabulum are different in hips demonstrating anteroinferior subluxation in flexion under dynamic arthroscopic examination, compared with individuals without hip symptoms. The hypothesis was that the morphometric parameters of the anterior acetabular horn are distinct in hips with anteroinferior instability compared with asymptomatic hips. Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. A total of 30 hips with anteroinferior instability in flexion under dynamic arthroscopic examination were identified. A control group of 60 hips (30 patients), matched by age and sex, was formed from individuals who had undergone pelvis magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for nonorthopaedic reasons. Unstable and control hips were compared according to the followine in the mean PSA, PHA, acetabular version, lateral center-edge angle, acetabular inclination, or femoral head diameter between unstable hips and controls. Abnormal morphology of the anterior acetabular horn is associated with anteroinferior instability in hip flexion. The ASA and AHA can aid in the diagnosis of hip instability. Abnormal morphology of the anterior acetabular horn is associated with anteroinferior instability in hip flexion. The ASA and AHA can aid in the diagnosis of hip instability. Several arthroscopic techniques for the treatment of avulsion tibial spine fractures have been described in the literature. To evaluate the outcomes of the arthroscopically assisted stainless steel wiring technique in the treatment of avulsed tibial spine in adults. Case series; Level of evidence, 4. This retrospective study involved 28 patients (28 knees), 16 to 42 years of age, with tibial spine avulsion fracture that was treated using arthroscopic reduction and cerclage wire fixation by a single surgeon between March 2015 and August 2018. The degrees of avulsion in these patients were type II (n = 12), type III (n = 10), and type IV fractures (n = 6). Clinical assessment included International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) objective score (which noted swelling), range of knee movement, Tegner activity scale, Lachman test, and pivot-shift test compared with the normal opposite knee. The mean follow-up period was 24.1 months (range, 18-30 months). The mean IKDC score was 93.7 (range, 88.5-98.