The major menaquinones were identified as MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H6). On the basis of these genotypic and phenotypic data, it is proposed that strain 13K301T should be classified as representative of a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces cahuitamycinicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 13K301T (=DSM 106873T=KCTC 49110T). In addition, the whole genome-based comparisons as well as the multilocus sequence analysis revealed that the type strains of Streptomyces galilaeus and Streptomyces bobili belong to a single species. It is, therefore, proposed that S. galilaeus be recognised as a heterotypic synonym of S. bobili for which an emended description is given.Four strains assigned the names FT13WT, FT14W, FT58WT and FT68WT were isolated from a subtropical stream in PR China. All the strains were Gram-stain-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped and motile with flagella. Comparisons based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains FT13WT, FT14W, FT58WT and FT68WT belonged to genus Janthinobacterium and shared 16S rRNA gene similarities in the range of 98.8-99.7 % with Janthinobacterium lividum DSM 1522T, Janthinobacterium agaricidamnosum DSM 9628T and 'Janthinobacterium svalbardensis JA-1', respectively. The calculated pairwise average nucleotide identity (ANI) values among the genomes of above seven strains were in the range of 79.0-92.2 %, except that the ANI value was 96.8 % between strain FT13WT and FT14W. The respiratory quinone of strains FT13WT, FT14W, FT58WT and FT68WT was determined to be Q-8.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/colcemid.html  The major fatty acids were C16  1 ω7c, C16  0, C18  1 ω7c and C12  0. The polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified phospholipid. The genome sizes of strains FT13WT, FT14W, FT58WT and FT68WT were 6.45, 6.38, 5.73 and 6.37 Mbp with G+C contents of 63.4, 63.7, 61.6 and 63.1 mol%, respectively. Combining phenotypic, biochemical, genotypic and ANI data, strain FT13WT and FT14W should belong to the same species. The four strains were considered to represent three novel species within genus Janthinobacterium, for which the names Janthinobacterium violaceinigrum sp. nov. (type strain FT13WT=GDMCC 1.1638T=KACC 21319T), Janthinobacterium aquaticum sp. nov. (FT58WT=GDMCC 1.1676T=KACC 21468T) and Janthinobacterium rivuli sp. nov. (FT68WT=GDMCC 1.1677T=KACC 21469T) are proposed.Rhizobia supply legumes with fixed nitrogen using a set of symbiosis genes. These can cross rhizobium species boundaries, but it is unclear how many other genes show similar mobility. Here, we investigate inter-species introgression using de novo assembly of 196 Rhizobium leguminosarum sv. trifolii genomes. The 196 strains constituted a five-species complex, and we calculated introgression scores based on gene-tree traversal to identify 171 genes that frequently cross species boundaries. Rather than relying on the gene order of a single reference strain, we clustered the introgressing genes into four blocks based on population structure-corrected linkage disequilibrium patterns. The two largest blocks comprised 125 genes and included the symbiosis genes, a smaller block contained 43 mainly chromosomal genes, and the last block consisted of three genes with variable genomic location. All introgression events were likely mediated by conjugation, but only the genes in the symbiosis linkage blocks displayed overrepresentation of distinct, high-frequency haplotypes. The three genes in the last block were core genes essential for symbiosis that had, in some cases, been mobilized on symbiosis plasmids. Inter-species introgression is thus not limited to symbiosis genes and plasmids, but other cases are infrequent and show distinct selection signatures.A new lanthanide (Ln3+)-dependent methanol-utilizing bacterial strain, La3113T, was isolated from rice field soil and its taxonomic position was investigated using polyphasic approaches. The strain was aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, strongly motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome oxidase-positive. It could neither catalyse the hydrolysis of urea nor reduce nitrate to nitrite. Growth was observed within a temperature range of 10-40 °C and a pH range of 6-8, with optimum growth at 28 °C and pH 7. Methylamine was utilized as the single source of energy, carbon and nitrogen, and it was oxidized by methylamine dehydrogenase. C16  1  ω7c, C16  1  ω6c and C16  0 were the dominant cellular fatty acids. Its draft genome (2.67 Mbp and 44.9 mol% G+C content) encodes genes including three Ln3+-dependent methanol dehydrogenase (XoxF-type MDH) genes, those for formaldehyde assimilation (ribulose monophosphate pathway), formate dehydrogenases and methylamine dehydrogenases, but not Ca2+-dependent MDH (MxaFI-MDH), which characterizes the species as a Ln3+-dependent methylotroph. The 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain La3113T belongs to the genus Methylotenera and is closely related to Methylotenera mobilis JLW8T (98.29 % identity). The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values (less than 30 %) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values (less than 85 %) between genomes of strain La3113T and related type strains were lower than the thresholds for species delineation (70 % for dDDH and 95-96 % for ANI). On the basis of these polyphasic approaches, we propose a novel Methylotenera species, Methylotenera oryzisoli sp. nov. (type strain La3113T=NBRC 111954T=DSM 103219T).HistoryAn 8-month-old previously healthy boy was referred to our institution by the maternal child health center for progressive truncal hypotonia and developmental delay. This infant was born after an uncomplicated pregnancy with no perinatal complications. He was delivered at full term via spontaneous vaginal delivery. Two of his older male siblings died around 2-3 years of age due to pneumonia. According to the parents, these siblings also displayed reduced muscle tone, and one of them developed recurrent seizure.HistoryA 34-year-old man presented to the emergency department of our hospital for progressive shortness of breath and worsening productive cough of 2 weeks duration. He reported a 10-kg weight loss over 4 months but denied experiencing fever, chills, night sweats, or gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, or neurologic symptoms. His medical history was unremarkable. Although he was a native of Morocco, he had lived in Europe for many years and worked as a truck driver. The patient had a smoking history but had quit smoking 5 years prior to presentation. He denied alcohol abuse or recreational drug use. He did not have any allergies. Besides bilateral clubbing, the physical examination findings were normal. At the time of admission, he had an oxygen (O2) saturation of 87% at ambient air, which increased to 100% with 1 L of O2 administered via a nasal cannula. The blood sample revealed a slight increase in his hemoglobin concentration (18.7 g/dL; normal range, 13.6-17.2 g/dL) and hematocrit level (50.8%; normal range, 39%-49%).