In older adults, polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate psychotropic (PIP) medication use are prominent prescription challenges. However, there is limited information available on the use of PIP medication in older adults having psychiatry illness.
 
  To find out the most commonly prescribed PIP in tertiary care hospitals of developing countries with respect to Beers criteria 2019 and Screening Tool of Older Persons' Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP) and predictors of PIP.
 
  A cross-sectional analysis of 456 patients of either sex with a median age of 65 years visiting the outpatient department of psychiatry was performed at the tertiary care hospital of North India with respect to Beers criteria 2019 and STOPP criteria 2015. Bivariate logistic regression was used to figure out the predictors of PIP medication.
 
  Results of the study reflects a staggering number of older adults, (more than 91 % and 73 %) out of total 456 patients were prescribed with at least one PIP medication as per Beers criteria and STOPP criteria, respectively. Long-acting benzodiazepine like clonazepam, chlordiazepoxide were identified as one of the most commonly prescribed PIP medications with respect to the both set of criteria. Further analysis revealed that polypharmacy (≥5 medications with odds Ratio (OR) 17.33, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.42-210.66, P-0.025) as the sole important predictor for PIP medication.
 
  According to the Beers criterion and the STOPP criteria, the use of PIP medicine is very prevalent among older adults with psychiatric illness. The Beers criteria dramatically diagnose more PIP medication than STOPP criteria.
 According to the Beers criterion and the STOPP criteria, the use of PIP medicine is very prevalent among older adults with psychiatric illness. The Beers criteria dramatically diagnose more PIP medication than STOPP criteria.
  Cognitive impairment has adverse impact on the social and role functions of those at clinical high risk for psychosis and it has become an important target for intervention. Mobile health applications are user-friendly, real-time, personalized and portable in administering cognitive training and have promising application prospects in the field of mental health.
 
  Eighty CHR subjects were randomized into an intervention group and a control group. CHR subjects of the intervention group performed attention and memory training via a Specific Memory Attention Resource and Training (SMART) application in their smart phones for 10 min per day, five days per week for three months. Both groups were followed up for three months. At baseline and follow-up phases, cognitive function was measured using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). In the follow-up, the intervention group completed the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS) to provide feedback to improve SMART.
 
  There is a significant group by time interaction effect in the Attention/Vigilance domain, which is significantly better in the intervention group than in the control group at 3- month follow-up. The improvement in Attention/Vigilance in the intervention group is significantly related to the amount of cognitive training time. Global Assessment of Function (GAF) reduction rate at baseline could predict the improvement of Attention/Vigilance. MARS results indicate that CHR subjects were receptive of SMART.
 
  Mobile technology can be applied to improve cognitive function of CHR individuals, especially in the Attention/Vigilance domain.
 Mobile technology can be applied to improve cognitive function of CHR individuals, especially in the Attention/Vigilance domain.
  Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly invasive malignancy with poor survival. Perforin (PRF1) plays essential roles in host immunity. Our research intended to identify the correlations of PRF1 with clinical prognosis and tumor immune infiltration in HNSCC.
 
  We explored PRF1 expression and its associations with the clinical features of HNSCC via the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), Oncomine and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. The prognostic value of PRF1 for HNSCC was further explored by Kaplan-Meier plotter and TIMER. Finally, the relation between PRF1 and immune infiltration in HNSCC was estimated via CIBERSORT and TIMER.
 
  PRF1 expression was remarkably elevated in HNSCC and associated with clinical stage and HPV infection. High PRF1 expression predicted favorable outcomes in HNSCC, especially in HPV+ HNSCC. Moreover, higher infiltration of CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells were found in the PRF1
  group of HNSCC. PRF1 expression in HNSCC was strongly correlated with infiltrating CD8+ T cells and dendritic cells (DCs), with higher relevance in HPV+ HNSCC.
 
  Our findings suggested that PRF1 could be a novel prognostic biomarker in HNSCC and that its expression was related to immune cell infiltration, which was impacted by HPV status.
 Our findings suggested that PRF1 could be a novel prognostic biomarker in HNSCC and that its expression was related to immune cell infiltration, which was impacted by HPV status.Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) has been used as a specific biomarker for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. Nevertheless, the biological function and mechanism of NSE in SCLC are still unclear. In this study, we clarified the role of NSE in the progression of SCLC and found that NSE expression was positively correlated with distant metastasis. Functional analysis showed that overexpression of NSE promoted migration and invasion of SCLC cells. Mechanism analysis showed that NSE overexpression induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of SCLC cells. Moreover, overexpression of NSE increased the protein expression of β-catenin and its downstream target genes, and silencing β-catenin eliminated NSE-mediated cell migration, invasion and EMT process. Furthermore, NSE interacted with β-catenin and inhibited the degradation of β-catenin.  https://www.selleckchem.com/  Besides, the animal experiments also indicated that NSE could promote the EMT process and distant metastasis of SCLC cells in vivo. In summary, our results revealed that NSE could promote the EMT process of SCLC cells by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby promoting cell migration, invasion and distant metastasis, which might serve as a potential target for the therapy of SCLC patients.