https://www.selleckchem.com/products/k03861.html Sialoendoscopy is a valuable technique for a variety of obstructive and nonobstructive disorders of the major salivary glands. However, the utility of sialoscopes is limited for salivary stones, which frequently required open removal. Transoral sialolithotomy without scopes is an efficient, low-cost alternative with excellent outcomes available for most of the submandibular stones.Mucoceles are common salivary gland disorders. Mucoceles are benign, mucus-filled extravasation pseudocysts that commonly arise on the lower lip of children and young adults. Although surgical excision is commonly performed to remove these lesions, other treatments include marsupialization, micromarsupialization laser ablation, cryotherapy, intralesional steroid injection, and sclerosing agents. Traumatic sialoceles commonly arise from injury to the parotid duct. Treatment of sialoceles from acute parotid duct injury and for delayed presentations after injury are discussed. Ranulas are a subtype of mucocele from the sublingual gland classified as superficial or plunging. Treatment of ranulas must address the sublingual gland.Transoral excision of parapharyngeal space (PPS) tumors has increased in popularity along with the increased use of robotic and endoscopic surgical technology. Here, the authors highlight the indications, techniques, outcomes, and complications of transoral approaches to PPS tumors, with a special emphasis on salivary tumors of the PPS and the transoral robotic surgery approach.Duct scar in the form of stenoses or stricture is the second leading cause of obstructive sialadenitis after stone. Over the past decade, there has been a growing experience demonstrating the effectiveness of endoscopic techniques in the minimally invasive management of salivary duct stenosis. Less information, however, is available with regard to open approaches for recurrent or complex ductal stenoses. This article reports on a case of gland pre