Introduction The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) defines postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) as a blood loss of >500mL following vaginal delivery or >1000mL following cesarean section. PPH is widely recognized as a common cause of maternal death. However, there is currently no effective method to predict its risk of occurrence. Aim To develop a fuzzy expert system to predict the risk of developing PPH and to evaluate its performance in the clinical setting. Methods This system was developed using MATLAB software. Mamdani inference was used to simulate reasoning of experts in the field. To evaluate the performance of the system, a dataset of 1705 patients admitted at the Labor and Delivery ward of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from 2017-10 to 2018-04, was considered. Results The Negative Predictive value (NPV), Positive Predictive value PPV), Specificity and Sensitivity were calculated and were 99.72%, 18.50%, 87.48% and 92.16% respectively.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/FK-506-(Tacrolimus).html  Conclusions Our findings suggest that the fuzzy expert system can be used to predict PPH in clinical settings and thus decrease maternal mortality rate due to hemorrhage. © 2019 Yussriya Hanaa Doomah, Song-Yuan Xu, Li-Xia Cao, Sheng-Lian Liang, Gloria Francisca Nuer-Allornuvor, Xiao-Yan Ying.Introduction New technologies, including health information technologies, play an important role in effectiveness of management and nursing care services. Aim This study was aimed to determining the use of health information technology in patient care management in a case study in Iran. Methods This Mixed method study was conducted in 2018 in Kowsar Hospital of Semnan, Iran. Data gathered by an observational checklist and one questionnaire included two main parts, one demographic and another assessment of information technology use in care management of inpatients. The researcher prepared the questionnaire and its validity was verified. The data were organized and analyzed in the form of a descriptive analytic report. In the process of data collection, 10 participants including nurses, head nurses, physicians, radiology experts and Information Technology (IT) managers were interviewed and data analyzed using Directed Content Analysis. Results Nurses were satisfied with the computerized system and believed it record and nurse's clinical judgment and evidence-based care. © 2019 Hesamedin Askari-Majdabadi, Ali Valinejadi, Ali Mohammadpour, Hamid Bouraghi, Zahra Abbasy, Sefollah Alaei.Introduction The successful implementation of Hospital Information Systems (HIS) depends on user acceptance. Nurses are the largest group of HIS users in hospitals. This study aims to evaluate some factors may affect the utilization of the Hospital Information System. Aim To explore factors that contribute to using of Hospital Information System. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 325 nurses from training Hospitals affiliated with Lorestan University of Medical Sciences (LUMS) were chosen. A valid and reliable structured questionnaire based on Technology Acceptance Model 1&2 and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology was used as the data collection tool. Descriptive statistics, Correlations analysis, multiple regression analysis, path analysis technique, Structure Equation Model using AMOS software was used to examine factors that influenced the Adoption of Hospital Information System. Results The findings indicate a significant direct relationship between Management Support and Perceived Usefulness of HIS. Perceived Usefulness has a significant effect on attitudes. While there was no significant effect of perceived ease of use on attitude. Attitude has a significant effect on behavioral intention. Conclusion This research provides a tool to realize what factors undertake the behavioral intention of healthcare professionals to use hospital information system and how this may affect future use. © 2019 Hosein Barzekar, Farzad Ebrahimzadeh, Jake Luo, Mahtab Karami, Zahra Robati, Parvin Goodarzi.Introduction Computer Engineering Students (CES) and Medical Students (MS) will actively participate in the management of health information system in the future. Aim The aim of the study was to evaluate the views of CES and MS about the patient privacy and security of health information systems. Methods The participants of this cross-sectional study were the 3rd and 4th year CES of Marmara University, (n=163, F/M71/92) and the 5th and 6th year MS of Marmara University (n=65, F/M38/27). The data were collected via questionnaire comprising questions and statements about patient information security and confidentiality. Responses were prepared on the basis of 5 Point Likert Scale. Results During the assessment of the questionnaires, it was observed that the statement "Health records should be accessible to the other health workers besides the physician" discomforted more CES (93,3%) than MS (78,5%) (p=0.003). A similar proportion was observed about "On-line communication with the physician" more CES (87,1%) prefer to communicate with the physician via electronic media than do the MS (66,2%) (p=0.001). Another significant point to be noted about the questionnaire results was that slightly more CES (40,5%) favor restrictions on the accessibility of "personal correspondance information" than MS (35,4%) (p>0.05). Conclusion In the future, CES, who will be both internal and external stakeholders of the multi-disciplinary structure of healthcare management, thought that problems regarding security and privacy may occur. Therefore, the relation between health information system and the occupational education and training of CES and MS are extremely important through the perspective in healthcare management. © 2019 Esra Sevimli, Elif Naz Altingoz, Nur Şisman Kitapci, Okan Cem Kitapci, Leyla Koksal, Meral Yay, Pınar Kilic Aksu, Gonca Mumcu.Conjoined twins are derived from the division of a single fertilized ovum; a phenomenon accompanied with multiple congenital anomalies. Such twins are identical, of the same sex, and more likely to be female. Most twins die during the embryonic period, and only 18% survive longer than 24 hours. There are complex anomalies in thoraco-omphalopagus twins that makes them unlikely to live long enough to undergo separation. Treatment of this uncommon condition presents both surgical and anesthetic challenges. The management of rare anomalies is difficult even for skilled surgeons. Therefore, it is logical to use the knowledge gained from previous experiences. We herein present the first successful surgical separation of two pairs of thoraco-omphalopagus conjoined twins at the Pediatric Surgery Center of Namazi Hospital (Shiraz, Iran). In both cases, the neonates had separate hearts and common pericardium. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of two sets of twins showed fusion of sternum, pericardium, diaphragm, and left lobe of liver.