Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal condition seen in aging. Joint destruction, chronic pain, change in proprioception, stability problems and decreased range of motion are the most common problems seen in OA. Complementary therapies like yoga, graded motor imagery (GMI), progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) and Tai Chi are more effective in chronic conditions such as knee OA.
 
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of graded motor imagery and progressive muscle relaxation on mobility and function in patients with knee OA.
 
  This study was a randomized controlled pilot trial conducted in a tertiary health center in Belagavi, Karnataka, India.
 
  A total of 11 patients with unilateral knee pain persisting for more than 12 months were included in the study.
 
  Patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups the PMR group (n = 5) or the (GMI) group (n = 6). Patients in the PMR group practiced Jacobson's PMR and patients in the GMI group practiced explicit and mirror therapy. All patients were treated 5 times a week for 2 weeks.
 
  The outcome measures in this study were range of motion and the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score for assessing knee joint pain, function and stiffness.
 
  Results demonstrated knee flexion range (P = .046) and function WOMAC scores (P = .0062) were significantly better in the GMI group than in the PMR group.
 
  GMI and PMR were both beneficial for knee mobility and function but GMI was better than PMR in chronic knee OA.
 GMI and PMR were both beneficial for knee mobility and function but GMI was better than PMR in chronic knee OA.Marchantia polymorpha L. (MPL), a common type of liverwort, has been used as herbal medicine to improve liver function in China for many years. Although modern studies revealed that MPL contains various polyphenols, terpenoids, and bis[bibenzyls], its biological effects on liver function have never been systemically studied in any animal model. In this study, flavonoids were extracted from MPL and the components in the MPL flavonoids as well as the antioxidant capacity of MPL flavonoids were analysed. A rat model of liver injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 10% carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). MPL flavonoids were administered daily at a dose of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight to the rats for 2 weeks prior to injection of CC14.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/l-arginine-l-glutamate.html  Treatment with MPL flavonoids, especially at a dose of 200 mg/kg, attenuated CCl4-induced increases in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6, as well as reductions in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Microarray analyses showed that co-treatment with MPL flavonoids and CCl4 up-regulated many antioxidant and anti-apoptotic genes, but down-regulated several pro-inflammatory genes, compared to treatment with CCl4 alone. PCR and western blot assays further identified that MPL flavonoids increased GPX1, TMX1, TXN, and XIAP expression, but decreased IL-1 and IL1RAP expression and inhibited Jak/stat3 signalling. In conclusion, MPL flavonoids exerted hepatoprotective effects via antioxidant and gene regulatory mechanisms. (Altern Ther Health Med.Combination of various compounds and essential oils for pharmaceutical formulations withdraw attention. In this present study, it was aimed to evaluate the in vitro potential synergistic antibacterial effect of Lavandula latifolia (spike lavender) essential oil with camphor by using the checkerboard method against the human pathogens; Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. Pharmacopoeia quality L. latifolia essential oil and racemic camphor were analyzed and verified by GC-FID and GC/MS, simultaneously. In vitro antibacterial activity of essential oil and camphor (MIC range 0.16-20 mg/mL) and standard antimicrobial clarithromycin (MIC range 0.125-16 μg/mL) were carried out by broth microdilution against S. aureus and L. monocytogenes standard strains, respectively. Resulting antibacterial effects were evaluated for their fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs) as antagonistic, additive and synergistic effects. The analytical results showed that the major component of essential oil was linalool (45.2%) and 1,8-cineole (25.6%). Antibacterial effects of essential oil were determined as MIC 1.25-5 mg/mL. As a result of the experiments, L. latifolia essential oil-camphor combinations were identified as "synergistic (FIC ≤ 0.5), and additive (0.5 less then FIC ≤ 1)" in the respective combinations, suggesting further evaluation for formulations for potential antimicrobial applications in food and pharmaceuticals.Heavy metals in drinking water can threat human health and may induce several diseases. The association between heavy metals exposure and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been indicated by few epidemiological studies. We conducted a systematic review of the epidemiologic publications of the association between exposure to heavy metals through drinking water and CKD. Keywords related to heavy metals and kidney diseases on MeSH were identified and searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Ovid-Medline and Web of Science until July 2020. 14 publications met our inclusion criteria and included in the current review. The included articles were conducted on the association between arsenic, cadmium, lead and chromium in drinking water and CKD. Our study could not find strong evidence between heavy exposure to through drinking water and CKD, except for arsenic. The negative association was found between arsenic and lead and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The positive correlation was observed between cadmium exposure and urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) concentrations, and also arsenic and chromium exposure and kidney injury molecule (KIM-1). Assessment of studies showed an association between arsenic, cadmium, lead and chromium and albuminuria and proteinuria, without CKD outcomes. Current systematic study showed few evidence for exposure to arsenic, cadmium, lead and chromium through drinking water and incidence of kidney problems. However, more epidemiological studies are required to confirm this association.