However, only sensorimotor network segregation was associated with individual differences in sensorimotor performance, particularly in older adults. These novel findings link network segregation to neural distinctiveness, but also suggest that network segregation may play a larger role in maintaining sensorimotor performance with age. PURPOSE To evaluate the outcomes and profiles of elderly patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) treated with definitive radiotherapy (RT) +/- chemotherapy (CHT) at a tertiary medical center. METHODS AND MATERIALS A retrospective study was conducted for elderly patients with MIBC who were ≥ 70 years old and underwent RT +/- CHT between 2000 and 2016. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Disease-specific survival (DSS), cumulative incidence of progression, patterns of recurrence, and toxicities were examined. Univariate analyses were performed to identify variables associated with OS, DSS, and cumulative incidence of progression, using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS A total of 84 patients underwent definitive RT +/- CHT. Of these, only 29% were deemed medically fit to undergo radical cystectomy (RC), while the remainder were medically unfit and/or had surgically unresectable disease. Median age was 81 years. Sixty-one percent, 29%, and 11% had clinical stage II, III, and IV disease, respectively. Eighty-six percent had maximal TURBT prior to RT. Seventy-three percent received CHT with RT, and 27% had RT alone. Median follow-up was 5.7 years. Median OS was 1.9 years. OS was 42% and 25%, and DSS was 64% and 54% at 3 and 5 years, respectively. On univariate analysis, medical fitness to undergo RC, receipt of CHT, lower T stage, and maximal TURBT were associated with better OS; lower T stage was associated with better DSS. The cumulative incidence of progression was 44% and 49% at 3 and 5 years, respectively. Late grade 3 GU and GI toxicity were 15% and 4%, respectively. None had grade 4 or 5 toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Elderly patients with MIBC referred for RT were often medically unfit or had a surgically unresectable tumor. In these medically compromised patients, definitive RT+/- CHT was well-tolerated and yielded encouraging treatment outcomes. The mineralized skeletons of echinoderms are characterized by their complex, open-cell porous microstructure (also known as stereom), which exhibits vast variations in pore sizes, branch morphology, and three-dimensional (3D) organization patterns among different species. Quantitative description and analysis of these cellular structures in 3D are needed in order to understand their mechanical properties and underlying design strategies. In this paper series, we present a framework for analyzing such structures based on high-resolution 3D tomography data and utilize this framework to investigate the structural designs of stereom by using the spines from the sea urchin Heterocentrotus mamillatus as a model system. The first paper here reports the proposed cellular network analysis framework, which consists of five major steps synchrotron-based tomography and hierarchical convolutional neural network-based reconstruction, machine learning-based segmentation, cellular network registration, feature extraction, any understand the mechanical properties and design strategies in sea urchin spines and other similar echinoderms' porous skeletal structures. Combining high-resolution tomography and computer vision-based analysis, this work presents a multiscale 3D network analysis framework, which allows for extraction, registration, and quantification of sea urchin spines' complex porous structure from the individual branch and node level to the global network level. This 3D structural analysis is relevant to a diversity of research fields, such as biomineralization, skeletal biology, biomimetics, material science, etc. Osteoderms are hard tissues embedded in the dermis of vertebrates and have been suggested to be formed from several different mineralized regions. However, their nano architecture and micro mechanical properties had not been fully characterized. Here, using electron microscopy, µ-CT, atomic force microscopy and finite element simulation, an in-depth characterization of osteoderms from the lizard Heloderma suspectum, is presented. Results show that osteoderms are made of three different mineralized regions a dense apex, a fibre-enforced region comprising the majority of the osteoderm, and a bone-like region surrounding the vasculature. The dense apex is stiff, the fibre-enforced region is flexible and the mechanical properties of the bone-like region fall somewhere between the other two regions. Our finite element analyses suggest that when combined into the osteoderm structure, the distinct tissue regions are able to shield the body of the animal by bearing the external forces. These findings reveal the structure-function relationship of the Heloderma suspectum osteoderm in unprecedented detail. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The structures of bone and teeth have been thoroughly investigated. They provide a basis not only for understanding the mechanical properties and functions of these hard tissues, but also for the de novo design of composite materials.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/edralbrutinib.html  Osteoderms, however, are hard tissues that must possess mechanical properties distinct from teeth and bone to function as a protective armour. Here we provide a detailed analysis of the nanostructure of vertebrate osteoderms from Heloderma suspectum, and show that their mechanical properties are determined by their multiscale hierarchical tissue. We believe this study contributes to advance the current knowledge of the structure-function relationship of the hierarchical structures in the Heloderma suspectum osteoderm. This knowledge might in turn provide a source of inspiration for the design of bioinspired and biomimetic materials. INTRODUCTION Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a malignant soft-tissue sarcoma primarily affecting the lower extremities of young adults. Synovial sarcoma occurring in the head and neck region is rare. OBSERVATION We report a case of a 32-year-old female with a biphasic synovial sarcoma, showing extensive calcification, arising in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). For effective diagnosis and treatment of synovial sarcomas in the TMJ, we reviewed relevant cases reported in the English literature and further discussed the clinicopathologic features, differential diagnosis, treatment strategies and prognosis. DISCUSSION The typical slow growth and clinical symptoms of SS in the TMJ region may often be misdiagnosed as temporomandibular disorders (TMD) or other benign neoplasms. Differential diagnosis to include primary parotid tumours should be considered and immunohistochemistry along with molecular studies can be helpful to verify the diagnosis. A multimodal treatment approach consisting of a wide surgical excision and postoperative radiotherapy should be taken into consideration.