https://www.selleckchem.com/ While in some cases such interaction may lead to pathological consequences, in some other cases beneficial effects can be identified. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.For brain computer interfaces (BCI), the immune response to implanted electrodes is a major biological cause of device failure. Bioactive coatings such as neural adhesion molecule L1 have been shown to improve the biocompatibility, but are difficult to handle or produce in batches. Here, a synthetic zwitterionic polymer coating, poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) is developed for neural implants with the goal of reducing the inflammatory host response. In tests in vitro, the zwitterionic coating inhibits protein adsorption and the attachment of fibroblasts and microglia, and remains stable for at least 4 weeks. In vivo two-photon microscopy on CX3CR1-GFP mice shows that the zwitterionic coating significantly suppresses the microglial encapsulation of neural microelectrodes over a 6 h observation period. Furthermore, the lower microglial encapsulation on zwitterionic polymer-coated microelectrodes is revealed to originate from a reduction in the size but not the number of microglial end feet. This work provides a facile method for coating neural implants with zwitterionic polymers and illustrates the initial interaction between microglia and coated surface at high temporal and spatial resolution. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.the replacement of one or more nucleotide residues in the potent α-thrombin-binding aptamer NU172 with hexitol-based nucleotides has been devised, studying the effect of these substitutions on the physicochemical and functional properties of the anticoagulant agent. The incorporation of single hexitol nucleotides at T9 and G18 positions of NU172 substantially retained the physicochemical features of the parent oligonucleotide, as a result of the biomimetic properties of the hexitol backbone. Importantly, the NU1