Here, the cytological features of normal components and contaminants are described in detail.This chapter describes the mesenchymal tumors of the pancreas which are of rare occurrence. Mesenchymal tumors of the pancreas may be benign, of intermediate biological potential or malignant. The more commonly occurring mesenchymal tumors of the pancreas are described in this chapter along with their appropriate immunohistochemical workup and differential diagnoses.Non-ductal tumors of the pancreas are relatively rare tumors and include pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs), poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas, acinar cell carcinoma, solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, and pancreatoblastoma. These tumors have a morphology and biology that is distinct from that of ductal neoplasms of the pancreas. PanNETs are the most common tumors among this group. A brief summary of each tumor is described here with an emphasis on the clinical presentation, cytological features, tumor histology, and immunohistochemical profile. Differential diagnoses for each entity are also discussed.We report a novel glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) variant (c.1375C>G) discovered in a 3-day-old Hispanic male child from Salt Lake City, UT, USA. This newborn presented with severe hyperbilirubinemia (29.8 mg/dL or 510 μmol/L) and marked hemolysis evidenced by elevated end-tidal carbon monoxide concentration (5.9 ppm, normal less then 1.7 ppm). Despite a very low prevalence of G6PD deficiency in Hispanic populations, we pursued testing for this condition and found he had low erythrocyte G6PD enzyme activity (2.8 U/g Hb, normal 9.9-16.6 U/g Hb) and a novel G6PD variant. His mother was heterozygous for this same variant, and she had a moderate decrease in G6PD enzyme activity (7.1 U/g Hb). On the basis of these findings, we propose this variant as a novel pathogenic mutation.
  COVID-19 is a rapidly growing infectious disease that represents an immediate threat for the health of millions of people around the world, both in direct and indirect ways.
 
  In the present report we describe the development of stress cardiomyopathy in a patient who was overwhelmingly stressed by watching the news coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic.
 
  Physicians and scientists around the globe should be aware of the psychological consequences of COVID-19 and their potential to cause physical illness.
 Physicians and scientists around the globe should be aware of the psychological consequences of COVID-19 and their potential to cause physical illness.Inherited thrombocytopenias correspond to a group of hereditary disorders characterized by a reduced platelet count, platelet dysfunction, and a family history of thrombocytopenia. It is commonly associated with mucocutaneous bleeding. Thrombocytopenia results from mutations in genes involved in megakaryocyte differentiation, platelet formation, and clearance. Here we report on a patient presenting with severe syndromic inherited thrombocytopenia manifesting as spontaneous mucocutaneous bleeds, requiring frequent platelet transfusions. Thrombocytopenia was explained by the presence of 4 mutations in 3 hematopoietic transcription factor genes FLI1, RUNX1, and ETV6. The patient was successfully treated with high-dose eltrombopag at 150 mg/day, an orally available non-peptide thrombopoietin receptor agonist. Since the start of treatment 23 months ago, the manifestations of bleeding have resolved, and no platelet transfusions or corticosteroids have been required. The patient has no clinical or laboratory evidence of myeloid malignancy so far.Imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis and staging of pancreatic tumors. Imaging modalities utilized for the evaluation of pancreatic tumors include transabdominal and endoscopic ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Each of these modalities has different strengths and weaknesses which must be considered in the setting of evaluating a pancreatic tumor. Imaging can determine if a pancreatic tumor is cystic or solid and help develop a differential diagnosis based on the lesion's imaging features. If a malignant pancreatic tumor is diagnosed, imaging can assist with initial staging by determining the size and local extent of the tumor as well as evaluating for nodal and metastatic disease.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tacrine-hcl.html  Here we review the different imaging modalities utilized to evaluate pancreatic masses, describe the key imaging features of the most significant entities in the differential diagnosis, and describe the diagnostic imaging approach.Inflammatory, developmental, and neoplastic lesions may all present as cystic masses on imaging. Pseudocyst is the most common of these and presents in association with a history of pancreatitis. Pancreatic cystic neoplasms are uncommon compared to solid neoplasms. They often present incidentally; therefore, an incidentally discovered cyst in the pancreas should be assessed with a high index of suspicion for neoplasm. The most common and frequently encountered cystic neoplasms include serous cystadenoma, mucinous cystic neoplasm, and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. Less common epithelial cystic neoplasms include acinar cell cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma. Any solid neoplasm occurring in the pancreas or vicinity of the pancreas that has undergone cystic degeneration may present as a cystic mass. Non-epithelial lesions, such as lymphangioma, are also included in the differential diagnosis. The work-up needs to begin with a review of the clinical and imaging findings to establish a differential diagnosis. The primary focus of the pathologist will be first on differentiating mucinous from non-mucinous entities, since this will determine if the mass is an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm or a mucinous cystic neoplasm. If it is mucinous, the next step is to determine if the cystic neoplasm contains cells with high-grade cytological features. If it is non-mucinous, the pathologist needs to assess for neoplastic cells that would indicate a different neoplastic process. The cytological features need to be integrated with cyst fluid carcinoembryonic antigen and amylase measurements. Currently, molecular pathology is being integrated into the analysis of pancreatic cyst fluids. Here we will cover the cytological features and ancillary findings in cystic masses of the pancreas.