The study aimed to compare cool and hot executive functions profiles in children with ADHD symptoms and normal children. The statistical population consisted of all boys with ADHD symptoms and normal children in elementary school in Isfahan. In causal-comparative study, 200 participants were selected by multi-stage random sample method. Data were collected from Children Symptoms Inventory (CSI-4), Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and demographic inventory. Data were analyzed by using an analysis of covariance and Kruskal-Wallis test. There is significant difference between groups mean in variable of executive functions and all of their subscales (P  less then  0.05). Results from paired comparisons showed that in comparison with both subgroups of predominantly inattentive and predominantly hyperactive/ impulsive, combined subgroup indicate more damage to executive functions and all of subscales. In addition, subgroups of HD and AD are damaged more than normal group in executive functions and their subscales. Subgroups of HD and AD did not show any significant difference in inhibition, shifting and emotional control subscales (BRI). However, there were significant differences in initiation, monitoring, planning/organizing of materials subscales and total executive function. Negative mean difference in some variables indicates that in comparison with HD, AD has more problems in these subscales (MCI) and total executive function. Performing such studies can help to understand the underlying causes of treatment that has not been addressed so far in relation to this disorder and facilitate the establishment of optimal mechanisms and methods in treatment and standardization of psychological treatments.Despite the recent advances in avian influenza viruses surveillance and genomic data, fundamental questions concerning the ecology and evolution of these viruses remain elusive. In Egypt, H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) are co-circulating simultaneously with HPAIVs of subtypes H5N1 and low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) of subtype H9N2 in both commercial and backyard poultry.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly3023414.html  In order to isolate AIVs from wild birds and to assess their potential in causing infection in commercial poultry, a total of thirty-four cloacal swab samples were collected from apparently healthy migratory wild birds (Anas acuta, Anas crecca, Rallus aquaticus, and Bubulcus ibis) from four Egyptian Governorates (Giza, Menoufia, Gharbia, and Dakahlia). Based on matrix (M) gene-targeting real-time reverse transcriptase PCR and subsequent genetic characterization, our results revealed two positive isolates (2/34) for H5N8 whereas no H5N1 and H9N2 subtypes were detected. Genetic characterization of the fhuman and animal health. Likewise, an assessment of coverage and efficacy of different vaccines and or vaccination regimes in the field conditions should be reconsidered along with strict biosecurity measures.
  Interventions for children with obesity lead to only modest improvements in BMI and long-term outcomes, and data are limited on the perspectives of families of children with obesity in clinic-based treatment. This scoping review seeks to answer the question What is known about the perspectives of families and children who receive care in clinic-based child obesity treatment?
 
  Studies were eligible for inclusion in this review that 1) reported parent, family or child perspectives of obesity treatment; 2) addressed concepts identified in the obesity literature as barriers or facilitators to success in obesity treatment from the perspective of the parent/family/child, including reasons for failure to return to clinic and satisfaction with care.
 
  Twelve studies qualified for final inclusion in this scoping review RESULTS Families report a lack of interventions tailored to their unique needs and resources. Barriers and facilitators encompass 1) structural issues (e.g., clinic location and scheduling); 2) financial issues; 3) patient and family issues; and 4) personal behaviors, motivation, and expectations.
 
  Data are lacking on the clinic-based treatment of children with severe obesity, and few studies report on non-maternal perspectives.
 
  Clinical practice must be tailored to individual family needs. Future research should concentrate on identifying missing variables which impact successful treatment outcomes through more rigorous qualitative studies, standardized outcome measures, focus on children with severe obesity, and fathers' and siblings' perspectives.
 Clinical practice must be tailored to individual family needs. Future research should concentrate on identifying missing variables which impact successful treatment outcomes through more rigorous qualitative studies, standardized outcome measures, focus on children with severe obesity, and fathers' and siblings' perspectives.
  The Caregiver Contribution to Heart Failure Self-Care (CACHS) is a Canadian instrument that assesses caregivers' (CGs) contributions to heart failure (HF) patients' self-care, but a Brazilian version was lacking.
 
  To adapt CACHS into Brazilian Portuguese and to estimate the content validity of the adapted version.
 
  A psychometric study of cross-cultural adaptation and content validation was conducted. Linguistic equivalence was assessed by eight professional experts. Content validity was assessed by an expert professional panel (n=8; for clarity, theoretical relevance and practical relevance) and a CG panel (n=46; for cognitive debriefing of the adapted instrument). In the cultural adaptation, the items were considered equivalent if experts reached an agreement ≥80%. In the content validation, the items were considered acceptable if content validity coefficients (CVC) were ≥0.70.
 
  The translated version was considered consistent with the original CACHS by the authors. In the second round of linguistic equivalence assessment, all items achieved 100% agreement, except for one item, which presented 75% agreement in conceptual equivalence. The CVC in the first and second rounds of content validity assessment by experts was 0.80 to 0.90. During cognitive testing, the CGs requested explanations on three items, which were reformulated. All CGs then understood the Brazilian version of CACHS, named CACHS - Versão Brasileira (CACHS-Br).
 
  CACHS-Br is equivalent to the original version and provided satisfactory evidence of content validity. Further psychometric testing of this version should allow for the measurement of the CG contributions to HF self-care in Brazil.
 CACHS-Br is equivalent to the original version and provided satisfactory evidence of content validity. Further psychometric testing of this version should allow for the measurement of the CG contributions to HF self-care in Brazil.