https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pixantrone-maleate.html In addition, we tested whether subspecies could be differentiated by environmentally associated genetic variation. Results Our analyses do not show genetic differentiation among subspecies of Eastwood manzanita, with the exception of one of the two rare subspecies. In addition, our environmental analyses did not show ecological differentiation, though limitations of the analysis prevent strong conclusions. Conclusions Genetic structure within Eastwood manzanita does not correspond to current subspecies circumscriptions, but rather reflects geographic distribution. Our study suggests that subspecies concepts need to be reconsidered in long-lived plant species, especially in the age of next-generation sequencing.During the last decade, high-throughput metabarcoding became routine for analyzing protistan diversity and distributions in nature. Amid a multitude of exciting findings, scientists have also identified and addressed technical and biological limitations, although problems still exist for inference of meaningful taxonomic and ecological knowledge based on short DNA sequences. Given the extensive use of this approach, it is critical to settle our understanding on its strengths and weaknesses and to synthesize up-to-date methodological and conceptual trends. This article summarizes key scientific and technical findings, and identifies current and future directions in protist research that uses metabarcoding.In the last years, cognitive impairment was emphasized to be a prominent long-term sequelae of sepsis. The level of cognitive impairment is comparable with that in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. Whether sepsis survivors also show a comparable brain atrophy is still unclear. For the analysis of brain atrophy, a novel method named brain age gap estimation (BrainAGE) was used. In this analysis approach, an algorithm identifies age-specific atrophy across the whole brain and calculates a Brain