People with diabetes mellitus have a high risk of acquiring respiratory tract infections (RTIs), yet little is known about their utilisation of healthcare services compared with people without diabetes. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/kribb11.html This study aimed to compare the utilisation of healthcare services for RTIs between individuals with and without diabetes attending primary healthcare centres (PHCCs) in Qatar. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using an electronic database of all individuals who had a diagnosis of RTI. PHCCs in Qatar from July 2015 to December 2017. Participants in the study were all adult individuals (aged ≥18 years) who visited the primary healthcare facilities and were diagnosed with an RTI during the study period. For each participant, visits to the healthcare facility, antibiotic use and use of other medications were extracted from the electronic database and compared between participants with and without a diabetes diagnosis. A total of 32 857 participants were included, of whom 7407 (22.5%) had a diabetes diagnosis. Results from a negative binomial regression indicate that diabetes diagnosis was significantly associated with increased visits to the healthcare facility (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.10, 95% CI 1.076 to 1.134, p<0.001), antibiotic use (IRR 1.09, 95% CI 1.046 to 1.145, p<0.001) and use of other medications (IRR 1.11, 95% CI 1.078 to 1.143, p<0.001). A diabetes diagnosis among patients with RTI was associated with higher utilisation of healthcare services. Given the added costs to the healthcare system, prevention of diabetes will have additional benefits to the healthcare system, apart from diabetes-associated costs alone. A diabetes diagnosis among patients with RTI was associated with higher utilisation of healthcare services. Given the added costs to the healthcare system, prevention of diabetes will have additional benefits to the healthcare system, apart from diabetes-associated costs alone. Caring for stroke survivors creates high levels of care burden among family caregivers. Previous initiatives at alleviating the care burden have been unsuccessful. The proposed study aims to evaluate the effect of a tailored multidimensional intervention on the care burden among family caregivers of stroke survivors. Based on the perceived needs of family caregivers, this intervention takes into account scientific recommendations to combine three different approaches skill-building, psychoeducation and peer support. Using a prospective, randomised, open-label, parallel-group design, 110 family caregivers will be enrolled from Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt between December 2019 and May 2020, and randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group. The tailored multidimensional intervention will be administered for 6 months, including three home visits, six home-based telephone calls and one peer support session. The primary outcome is the care burden as measured using the Zarit Burden Interview. Secondary outcomes include changes in the family caregivers' perceived needs (Family Needs Questionnaire-Revised), coping strategies (Brief-Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced) and quality of life (WHO Quality of Life-BREF). Outcomes evaluation will be conducted at baseline (T0), month 3 (T1) and month 6 (T2). Independent t-test will be performed to compare the mean values of study variables between the two groups at both T1 and T2. After adjusting for confounding variables, analysis of covariance will be used to assess the effect of the intervention. In addition, repeated measures analysis of variance will be conducted to assess changes in effect over time. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (P.0195). The results will be published in a scientific peer-reviewed journal, and findings will be disseminated at the local and international levels. NCT04211662. NCT04211662. To examine the associations of rotating night shift work with hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) odds by different exposure metrics. Cross-sectional study. Occupational physical examination centre for steel production workers, Tangshan, China. A total of 6846 steelworkers, aged 22-60 years, from the baseline survey of a Chinese occupational cohort. Different exposure metrics of night shift work, including current shift status, duration of night shifts (years), cumulative number of night shifts (nights), cumulative length of night shifts (hours), average frequency of night shifts (nights/month), average length of night shifts (hours/night) and percentage of hours on night shifts, were used to examine the effects of past and current night shift work on HHcy odds. The total homocysteine concentration in the plasma above 15 µmol/L was defined as HHcy. Compared with those who never worked night shifts, current night shift workers had elevated odds of HHcy (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.44). Considering a person's lifetime work schedule and compared with individuals who never worked night shifts, duration of night shifts >28 years (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.61), average frequency of night shifts >7 nights/month (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.47) and percentage of hours on night shifts >30% (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.43) were associated with higher HHcy odds. The duration of night shifts >20 years and the average frequency of night shifts >7 nights/month could significantly increase the odds of HHcy regardless of whether the average length of night shifts was greater than 8 hours/night. After stratification by sex, no significant association was found in female workers between different exposure metrics of night shift work and HHcy. Long duration and high frequency of night shift work are associated with higher HHcy odds among male steelworkers. Long duration and high frequency of night shift work are associated with higher HHcy odds among male steelworkers. To examine the effect of short-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM ) on all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory-related hospital admissions and readmissions among patients receiving outpatient haemodialysis. Retrospective cohort study. Inpatient hospitalisation claims identified from the US Renal Data System in 530 US counties. All patients receiving in-centre haemodialysis between 2008 and 2014. Risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory-related hospital admissions and 30-day all-cause and cause-specific readmission following an all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory-related discharges. Readmission risk was evaluated for early (1-7 days postdischarge) and late (8-30 days postdischarge) readmission time periods. Relative risk is expressed per 10 μg/m of PM . Same-day ambient PM was associated with increased hospital admission risk for cardiovascular causes (0.9%, 95% CI 0.2 to 1.7). Greater PM -related associations were observed with 30-day readmission risk. Early-readmission risk was increased by 1.