Spectroscopic characterisations of the radical polyinterhalogen molecules IF2 and I2F are reported using anion photoelectron spectroscopy. The corresponding parent anions, IF2- and I2F-, are common products formed in hard Ar-CF3I plasmas and are relevant in the semiconductor manufacture industry.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pd-1-pd-l1-inhibitor-3.html  The I2F- species, which is present as the [I-I-F]- isomer, is a "non-classical" polyinterhalogen.Recently, hafnia ferroelectrics with two spontaneous polarization states have attracted marked attention for non-volatile, super-steep switching devices, and neuromorphic application due to their fast switching, scalability, and CMOS compatibility. However, field cycling-induced instabilities are a serious obstacle in the practical application of various low-power electronic devices that require a settled characteristic of polarization hysteresis. In this work, a large reduction in the field cycling-induced instabilities and significantly improved ferroelectric properties were observed in a Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) thin film with a RuO2 oxide electrode. The oxide electrode can supply additional oxygen to the HZO film, consequently minimizing the oxygen vacancies at the interface which is the origin of low reliability. From the material and electrical analysis results, we verified that HZO with the RuO2 electrode has less non-ferroelectric dead layers and fewer oxygen vacancies at the interface, resulting in excellent switching properties and improved reliability. This result suggests a beneficial method to produce high-quality hafnia thin films free from interfacial defects and with stable field cycling electrical properties for actual applications.Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are attracting extensive interest owing to their low cost and potential for applications in high-density energy storage systems. However, their widespread application is severely plagued by poor cycling stability, inferior rate capability and low coulombic efficiency, which are largely attributed to the shuttling effect of soluble polysulfides. Herein, we report an architecture of an N,P co-doped biological carbon-based covalent sulfur composite (NP@BCCSC), which acts as a cathode for highly robust Li-S batteries. The NP@BCCSC can not only buffer the volume expansion of sulfur during the charge/discharge process, but also shows strong absorption towards soluble polysulfides, which can effectively suppress the shuttling effect. As a cathode for Li-S batteries, the NP@BCCSC with a sulfur content of 20.1% exhibits a reversible capacity of 1190 mA h g-1 (all specific capacities are calculated based on the mass of sulfur) at a current density of 500 mA g-1 after 500 cycles with an average coulombic efficiency of approximately 100%. Moreover, the NP@BCCSC offers a highly robust cycling stability (an ultralow capacity fading rate of 0.0024% per cycle during 15 000 consecutive cycles) and an excellent rate capability (high specific capacity of 920 mA h g-1 even at a current density of 10 000 mA g-1), indicating its great potential for applications in future energy storage systems.Plenty of strategies focused on covalent interaction have been developed to functionalize graphene's surface in order to employ it in a wide range of applications. Among them, the use of radical species including nitrene, carbene and aryl diazonium salts is regarded as a promising strategy to establish the covalent functionalization of graphene. In this work, we highlight the effect of diazonium chemistry on the electronic properties of graphene on SiC. On the basis of X-ray and synchrotron-based photoemission experiments, we were able to prove that 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzenediazonium (TMeOD) units, reduced and chemisorbed onto graphene using electrochemistry, preserve the electronic structure of the Dirac cone, through inducing a slightly additional n-type doping of graphene, as revealed by a downshift of the Dirac cone probed by angle-resolved photoemission experiments.Herein, iodide-catalyzed aerobic synthesis of 1,4-benzothiazines via functionalization of multiple C-H bonds with elemental sulfur is described. Beyond the well-established thiazole formation from elemental sulfur, this method provides the first access to the corresponding six-membered N,S-heterocyclic products via direct functionalization of multiple C-H bonds. Hence, 1,4-benzothiazine products were generated in satisfactory yields with a range of compatible functionalities.Charge transport through single molecules is at the heart of molecular electronics for realizing the practical use of the rich quantum characteristics of electrode-molecule-electrode systems. Despite the extensive studies reported in the past, little experimental efforts have been focused on the electron transport mechanism at a temperature higher than the ambient temperature. In this work, we have reported the observation of the subtle interplay between electron tunneling and charge hopping in carbon chains connected to two Au electrodes at elevated temperatures. We measured the single-molecule conductance of Au-alkanedithiol-Au molecular junctions at various temperatures from 300 K to 420 K in vacuum. The temperature dependence of conductance suggested substantial roles of superexchange with inter-chain charge hopping under elevated temperatures for alkane chains longer than heptane. This finding provides a guide to design functional molecular junctions under practical conditions.The face-to-face contact of a vertical heterojunction is beneficial to charge interaction in photocatalysis. However, constructing a vertical heterojunction with uncompromised redox ability still remains a challenge. Herein, we report the successful synthesis of a WO3-TiO2 vertical heterojunction via establishing an internal electric field across the interface. Experimental investigation and computational simulations reveal that strong electric coupling occurs at the WO3-TiO2 interface forming an internal electric field. The internal electric field induces a Z-scheme charge-carrier transfer through the heterojunction under light irradiation, which leads to effective charge separation and maintains high reaction potentials of charge-carriers. The improved photocatalytic activity of the WO3-TiO2 heterojunction is proved by enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species and accelerated Escherichia coli (E. coli) disinfection. This study provides new insights into understanding and designing Z-scheme heterogeneous photocatalysts.