https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Streptozotocin.html To determine the cardiopulmonary effects of etorphine and thiafentanil for immobilization of blesbok. Blinded, randomized, two-way crossover study. A group of eight adult female blesbok. Animals were immobilized twice, once with etorphine (0.09 mg kg ) and once with thiafentanil (0.09 mg kg ) administered intramuscularly by dart. Immobilization quality was assessed and analysed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Time to final recumbency was compared between treatments by one-way analysis of variance. Cardiopulmonary effects including respiratory rate (ƒ ), arterial blood pressures and arterial blood gases were measured. A linear mixed model was used to assess the effects of drug treatments over the 40 minute immobilization period. Significant differences between treatments, for treatment over time as well as effect of treatment by time on the variables, were analysed (p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference (p= 0.186) between treatments for time to recumbency. The mean ƒ was lower with eto with thiafentanil. Ventilation was adequate. Hypertension was greater and immobilization scores were lower with thiafentanil. To examine the anatomy of the lumbar epaxial region and to describe two different ultrasound-guided approaches for the lumbar erector spinae plane (ESP) block in dogs. An anatomical and experimental cadaver study. A group of 19 canine cadavers. The anatomy was described following dissection of two cadavers. Bilateral ultrasound-guided ESP injections with 0.4 mL kg of contrast dye were performed in 17 adult Beagle cadavers using either transversal (TVS) or parasagittal (PST) approaches. Computed tomography was performed to measure the total length of the contrast dye column and the epidural, intravascular, hypaxial and intra-abdominal migration. Dissections were performed to assess the spread of the contrast dye and to determine the degree of staining of the dorsal branches of the spinal nerves (DBSN