https://www.selleckchem.com/products/rvx-208.html Pigment epithelial detachment (PED), the anatomical separation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from the Bruch's membrane, is common in many chorioretinal diseases, including neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). PED is present in about 30% to 80% of nAMD patients based on the CATT, EXCITE, and VIEW studies. The influence of PED on visual acuity is controversial as a result of inconsistent results reported by various studies. With advances in imaging technologies, it is possible to evaluate not only the presence or absence of PED, but also detailed quantitative parameters within the PED such as height, width, greatest linear diameter, area, volume, and reflectivity. We performed a comprehensive literature review to evaluate the relationship of PED with visual acuity. In summary, the presence or persistence of a PED may still be compatible with relatively good visual acuity. There is no strong evidence that the presence of a PED or aspects of its morphology has a significant impact on visual acuity. The presence of a PED may be predictive of the need for more regular treatment. More well-designed studies with standardised PED definitions and classifications are needed to evaluate the relationship between PED and visual acuity.Background & aims Studies are needed to determine the mechanisms of mucosal dysregulation in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and differences in inflammatory responses of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) vs Crohn's disease (CD). We used mass cytometry (CyTOF) to characterize and compare immune cell populations in the mucosa and blood from patients with IBD and without IBD (controls) at single-cell resolution. Methods We performed CyTOF analysis of colonic mucosa samples (n=87) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs, n=85) from patients with active or inactive UC or CD and controls. We also performed single-cell RNA-sequencing, flow cytometry, and R