https://www.selleckchem.com/products/n6f11.html 036). This measure also differed significantly between nulliparous HVs and patients with FI (-2mmHg (95% CI -15-12), P<0.001), but not between parous HVs and FI. Qualitatively, a color-contour trace resembling a "spear" in the upper anal canal was observed uniquely in FI. Of 25 patients with normal anal function by traditional measures, cough parameters were abnormal in 52%. Novel HR-ARM measures during coughing revealed differences in anal function between nulliparous and parous HV, and patients with FI, which were not detected by traditional measures. Cough-anorectal measurements may improve manometric yield, though clinical utility would require assessment by longitudinal studies. Novel HR-ARM measures during coughing revealed differences in anal function between nulliparous and parous HV, and patients with FI, which were not detected by traditional measures. Cough-anorectal measurements may improve manometric yield, though clinical utility would require assessment by longitudinal studies. To study the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of catheter-related infections of Serratia species in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. We retrospectively reviewed the patient characteristics, antibiotics susceptibility/resistance patterns and treatment outcomes of exit site infection (ESI) and peritonitis due to Serratia in PD patients during the period of 2004 to 2017. One hundred and sixty-one patients had Serratia ESI, of which 10 (6.2%) progressed to tunnel tract involvement and 11 (6.8%) developed PD peritonitis. Nineteen (11.8%) patients with Serratia ESI failed to respond to medical treatment and required catheter removal. Fifty-six (34.8%) patients had repeat Serratia ESI, which occurred at 12.9 ± 13.6 months after the previous episode. Twenty-two patients had Serratia peritonitis, which accounted for 1% of peritonitis during the study period. Ten (45.5%) patients responded to medical treatment while 12 (54.5%) patients