Both examinations have unique strengths and weaknesses, but when combined as diagnostic tools, they achieve far more collectively than what each can achieve alone.Orthopaedic advancements into the 21st century will increasingly focus on chondral restoration to either halt or reverse degenerative processes. Researchers and clinicians will need tools beyond patient-reported outcomes to measure the effectiveness of these treatment efforts. The use of joint space width (JSW) as a surrogate for chondral restoration is inadequate. At a minimum, such observations must standardize load transmission across the joint to be useful. Simple, readily available, standardized, and clinically useful measures of knee chondral restoration would facilitate and accelerate advances in the field. For now, it may be that improvement in JSW after chondral restoration could be attributable to changes in mechanical alignment of the knee and not the chondral restoration. JSW is an inadequate surrogate for chondral restoration, and anyone doing a stress radiograph of a unicompartmental degenerative knee recognizes this point.Current treatment recommendations favor meniscal rim preservation through partial meniscectomy with repair when indicated in patients with symptomatic discoid lateral menisci. Although many studies have shown the importance of meniscal rim preservation, some have shown that suture repair does not yield improved outcomes over partial meniscectomy without repair, considering the cost of repair and lack of available data. However, partial meniscectomy with repair is essential when peripheral instability is seen in patients with symptomatic discoid lateral menisci.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/iwr-1-endo.html  Arthroscopic reshaping in young patients can be challenging for an inexperienced surgeon because visualization within the lateral joint space may be limited by a thickened meniscus and the small size of the pediatric knee. To preserve a stable peripheral rim, various meniscal repair methods should be used for stabilizing the reshaped meniscus on the capsule based on repair location, tear type, and surgeon preference.High tibial osteotomy is a widespread treatment option and has been performed in the treatment of osteoarthritis long before joint replacements started their triumphant era in the last third of the last century. However, osteotomies have again gained increased interest and popularity within the last 2 decades. Historically, osteotomies have mainly been recommended for early osteoarthritis and contraindicated for advanced osteoarthritis. However, over time, some historic but widespread dogmas have already been contradicted regarding high tibial osteotomy. Osteotomies are very well possible and can yield excellent outcomes, even in patients with severe osteoarthritis. Thus, another dogma from the past is contradicted.The ideal treatment of juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) varies according to the chronicity of symptoms and radiographic classification. Traditionally, "stable" OCD lesions of the knee are managed conservatively with limited weight bearing and nonoperative care. However, this can require up to 6 to 12 months of observation, and success rates are estimated at only 59%. By contrast, recent data suggest that early subchondral drilling of OCD lesions may more consistently facilitate new vascular channels and remodeling of the compromised osteochondral unit. When considering overarching health care costs and probabilistic modeling, contemporary treatment paradigms may preferentially suggest early surgical treatment of OCD lesions for greater cost-effectiveness and an optimized timeline for a return to full activity. Additionally, surgery may be prioritized for larger lesions, atypical locations, closing physes, and/or the presence of mechanical symptoms.The quest for improvement of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction results is a continuous struggle as we endeavor different technique adjustments that could form a missing piece of the holy ACL grail puzzle. Independent suture tape reinforcement (ISTR) is a small addition to the familiar ACL reconstruction technique with the potential to improve reconstruction results. Biomechanical studies show a decreased graft elongation and increased ultimate load to failure with ISTR. Clinical studies are scarce. In contrast to the ACL augmentation results in the 1980s, 2 retrospective comparative studies do not report negative results, which would support further research. Larger clinical trials will have to prove whether this small addition to ACL reconstruction will have a positive impact on ACL reconstruction results. For now, it is promising to note that no "red flags" have been described for ACL reconstruction with ISTR.Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have been developed and used as the primary determinant of successful patient-centered results. The patient acceptable symptomatic state delineates an absolute value for PROMs indicating that patients are satisfied with their outcome. When this metric is used for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, patients reach a satisfactory outcome at between 6 and 8 months postoperatively, and more than 90% reach a satisfactory outcome at 12 months. Preoperative variables such as preoperative exercise, Workers' Compensation, and diabetes impact patient outcomes, whereas preoperative PROMs and use of the anteromedial portal technique for femoral tunnel drilling have a limited impact on satisfaction. Iliotibial band tenodesis shows a large impact on satisfactory outcomes; however, this result may be affected by patient demographic issues (selection bias). Ultimately, a "satisfactory" outcome is a very general term and may not necessarily apply to active athletes desiring a return to competitive sport. Thus, the patient acceptable symptomatic state should be interpreted in combination with a surgeon's experience. Ultimately, the success of a surgical procedure could be determined, in large part, based on the patient's individual preoperative expectations.The false-positive finding of anterior horn meniscus (pseudo)tear on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important finding of which to be aware. We have recently seen awareness similarly raised regarding root tears of the meniscus, which, if overlooked, could have detrimental consequences. Manifestations of the MRI finding of meniscus pseudotear arise from the variability of the insertion of the transverse geniculate ligament into the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus. Bearing in mind that anterior knee pain is a common reason that patients present for an orthopaedic and sports medicine evaluation, the understanding that this MRI finding does not represent a true meniscus tear may save patients from unnecessary arthroscopic surgery.