https://www.selleckchem.com/products/azd5363.html The evidence shows any dysfunction in the brain such as mitochondrial dysfunction, protein aggregation, glial cell activation, excitotoxicity, and apoptosis which gives ALS-like symptoms. In this review, we have mainly focused on detailing the downregulation of Nrf2/HO-1, which may be the prime reason and may further serve as a pathological hallmark for ALS development. As surveyed, there are limited targetbased interventions that only provide symptomatic relief but do not cure the disease completely. Dysregulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway leads to many physiological changes contributing to neurological conditions, including ALS. Based on the above view, we summarized the combined role of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in ALS and explored potential therapeutic strategies for disease improvement through pathway modulators. Inclusion of anticancer drugs into biocompatible nanoparticulate carriers decreases the general toxicity and improves the efficacy of clinical treatments due to the reduction of soluble circulating free drugs. In addition, removal of emerging drug contaminants from wastewaters is a necessity that should be seriously attended. Boron nitride (BN) is a choice in drug delivery because of its many surprising properties. Here, boron nitride nanoparticles are prepared, characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) and used in the delivery of melphalan anti-cancer drug. Then, density functional theory (DFT) calculations are carried out to study the adsorption of this drug on the surface of pure boron nitride fullerene via familiar hybrid functionals B3LYP and B3PW91. In addition, the polarizable continuum model (PCM) calculations show that BN is stable in water. Finally, the in vitro cellular toxicity and viability of BN nanoparticles was examined on ES-2 cancer cells. The inhibitory dose IC50 of the material confirmed acceptable cytotoxicity and nanoparticles a