9 (±1.4) × 1010. This result implies that not only the thermodynamic distribution but also the intermolecular interaction of extracted compounds inside NEs could play a significant role in the apparent partition coefficient (P = 1.9 (±1.4) × 1010). The experimentally determined partition coefficient was validated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with showing a stabilizing role of intermolecular interaction in the partitioned system. We further verified our methodology with other compounds exhibiting aromatic properties, e.g., ferrocenemethanol. Significantly, our new approach can be readily applicable to investigate practical NEs commercially marketed for drug, food, and cosmetics.We describe a method for the analysis of organic acids, including those of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), by mixed-mode reversed-phase chromatography, on a CSH Phenyl-Hexyl column, to accomplish mixed-mode anion-exchange separations, which results in increased retention for acids without the need for ion-pairing reagents or other mobile phase additives. The developed method exhibited good retention time reproducibility for over 650 injections or more than 5 days of continuous operation. Additionally, it showed excellent resolution of the critical pairs, isocitric acid and citric acid as well as malic acid and fumaric acid, among others. The use of hybrid organic-inorganic surface technology incorporated into the hardware of the column not only improved the mass spectral quality and subsequent database match scoring but also increased the recovery of the analytes, showing particular benefit for low concentrations of phosphorylated species. The method was applied to the comparative metabolomic analysis of urine samples from healthy controls and breast cancer positive subjects. Unsupervised PCA analysis showed distinct grouping of samples from healthy and diseased subjects, with excellent reproducibility of respective injection clusters. Finally, abundance plots of selected analytes from the tricarboxylic acid cycle revealed differences between healthy control and disease groups.As the most important serum biomarker for prostate cancer, sensitive and accurate detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is of great reference value for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Herein, a peptide cleavage-mediated and environmentally friendly photocurrent polarity switching system was developed for ultrasensitive and highly selective detection of PSA based on the efficiently switching of photocurrent polarity of silver indium sulfide nanoparticles (AgInS2 NPs)-coated indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode by amino-functionalized CuO cubes (NH2-CuO). The porous CuO cubes were synthesized by calcination of HKUST-1 and functionalized with aminosilane. In the presence of PSA, the biotin and rhodamine B-labeled peptide (Bio-Pep-RhB) was cleaved and part of the peptide (P-Pep-RhB) was obtained by magnetic separation. Through host-guest recognition between β-CD and RhB, the P-Pep-RhB was immobilized on the β-CD/AgInS2 NPs/ITO electrode.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tas-102.html  Then, the amino-rich sequence on P-Pep-RhB combined with NH2-CuO via glutaraldehyde results in the switch of anodic photocurrent to cathodic photocurrent. On account of the high-efficient peptide cleaving strategy and the new photocurrent polarity switching system of porous CuO cubes//AgInS2 NPs, the prepared sensing platform displayed outstanding analytical performance for PSA with a wide linear response range (0.1 pg mL-1-100 ng mL-1) and a lower detection limit of 0.06 pg mL-1. The proposed analytical method could be easily extended to analyze other proteins via changing the peptide sequence, which has a potential application in the fields of biological analysis and medical diagnosis.Inspired by nature, where dynamic networks control the levels of gene expression and the activities of transcribed/translated proteins, we introduce nucleic acid-based constitutional dynamic networks (CDNs) as functional modules mimicking native circuits by demonstrating CDNs-guided programmed synthesis of genes, controlled transcription of RNAs, and dictated transcription/translation synthesis of proteins. An auxiliary CDN consisting of four dynamically equilibrated constituents AA', AB', BA', and BB' is orthogonally triggered by two different inputs yielding two different compositionally reconfigured CDNs. Subjecting the parent auxiliary CDN to two hairpins, HA and HB, and two templates TA and TB and a nicking/replication machinery leads to the cleavage of the hairpins and to the activation of the nicking/replication machineries that synthesize two "genes", e.g., the histidine-dependent DNAzyme g1 and the Zn2+-ion-dependent DNAzyme g2. The triggered orthogonal reconfiguration of the parent CDN to the respective CDNs leads to the programmed preferred CDN-guided synthesis of g1 or g2. Similarly, the triggered reconfigured CDNs are subjected to two hairpins HC and HD, the templates I'/I and J'/J, and the RNA polymerase (RNAp)/NTPs machinery. While the cleavage of the hairpins by the constituents associated with the parent CDN leads to the transcription of the broccoli aptamer recognizing the DFHBI ligand and of the aptamer recognizing the malachite green (MG) ligand, the orthogonally triggered CDNs lead to the CDNs-guided enhanced transcription of either the DFHBI aptamer or the MG aptamer. In addition, subjecting the triggered reconfigured CDNs to predesigned hairpins HE and HF, the templates M'/M and N'/N, the RNAp/NTPs machinery, and the cell-free ribosome t-RNA machinery leads to the CDNs-guided transcription/translation of the green fluorescence protein (GFP) or red fluorescence protein (RFP).The family of experimentally confirmed isolated-pentagon-rule (IPR) isomers of C96 fullerene is extended by trifluoromethylation of a C96 fraction of the fullerene soot, high-performance liquid chromatography separation of CF3 derivatives, and a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of C96(CF3) n compounds with the use of synchrotron radiation. New cage isomers were revealed in C96(94)(CF3)18/20 and C96(182)(CF3)18 compounds, whereas isomer C96(181), previously known in the adduct with nickel porphyrinate, was confirmed in C96(181)(CF3)18/20 derivatives. Common and special features of the addition patterns of CF3 groups on C96 carbon cages are discussed in more detail. The investigated isomers belong to the most stable C2-C96(181) and slightly less stable C1-C96(94) and C2-C96(182) among the altogether 15 experimentally confirmed IPR isomers of C96 fullerene.